游梁式抽油机虚拟样机测试及有限元仿真分析

发布时间：2018-04-16 14:41

本文选题：异相型游梁式抽油机 + 虚拟样机测试　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：游梁式抽油机是一种机械式采油装置,它的核心工作机构是曲柄摇杆机构,因为游梁驴头的往复摆动像是在磕头一般,所以游梁式抽油机也俗称“磕头机”。它是游梁式抽油机采油系统的地面部分,通过抽油杆柱与井下部分的抽油泵配合将地下的原油抽汲到地面上来。目前,游梁式抽油机占全部机械采油井的80%以上,但是存在总体效率低的问题,我国是能源消耗大国,随着能源日益紧缺,完善和发展游梁式抽油机节能研究,对于抽油机井节能降耗、提高经济效益具有重要意义。本文针对某型号异相型曲柄平衡游梁式抽油机进行研究,对其进行了运动学和动力学理论分析和虚拟样机测试与有限元仿真分析,并以游梁式抽油机最大输入功率最小为目标函数进行了优化分析。首先根据异相型游梁式抽油机的结构和工作原理特点,对异相型游梁式抽油机的悬点位移、速度、加速度公式进行了推导,对游梁式抽油机的悬点载荷、曲柄扭矩及计算方法进行了分析推导,为后文虚拟样机测试与有限元仿真分析做好了理论准备。其次,使用ADAMS2014虚拟样机技术对游梁式抽油机进行了运动学和动力学精确测试。对悬点运动规律、悬点冲程长度进行了仿真验证。对抽油机各杆件铰接处进行力与力矩测试,发现有微小扰动,经过频谱分析得出是由于抽油机工作频率的2倍频率所导致的。再次,对游梁式抽油机的关键部件进行了静力学分析、模态分析和瞬态动力学分析。通过对支架的静力学分析,得出应力应变较小,满足使用要求。使用ANSYS Workbench软件对游梁式抽油机进行了瞬态动力学仿真,仿真验证了游梁和连杆的等效应力和受力变形都满足使用要求。通过对整机模态分析,得出游梁和连杆前6阶模态变形相对较大,所以再对其分别单独做模态分析,得出本文研究的异相型游梁式抽油机的工作频率远离固有频率,不会发生共振。最后,根据游梁式抽油机机构尺寸的优化设计基本原则,选取以游梁式抽油机的核心机构曲柄摇杆机构的最大输入功率最小化为优化目标,使用ADAMS参数化建模与优化分析功能进行优化分析,得出游梁式抽油机曲柄摇杆机构输入功率的优化结果。
[Abstract]:Beam pumping unit is a kind of mechanical oil recovery device, its core working mechanism is crank rocker mechanism, because the reciprocating swing of the beam donkey head seems to be kowtowing, so the beam pumping unit is also called "kowtowing machine".It is the ground part of the pumping system of beam pumping unit. The underground crude oil is swabbed to the ground through the cooperation between the sucker rod string and the subsurface oil pump.At present, beam pumping units account for more than 80% of all mechanical oil wells, but there is a problem of low overall efficiency. China is a large energy consuming country. With the increasing shortage of energy, the research on energy conservation of beam pumping units has been improved and developed.It is of great significance for pumping wells to save energy and reduce consumption and to improve economic benefits.In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics theory analysis, virtual prototype test and finite element simulation analysis are carried out for a certain type of heterogeneous crank balanced beam pumping unit.The maximum input power of beam pumping unit is taken as the objective function.According to the structure and working principle of the beam pumping unit, the displacement, velocity and acceleration formulas of the suspension point of the beam pumping unit are deduced, and the suspension load of the beam pumping unit is analyzed.The torsion moment of crank and its calculation method are analyzed and deduced, which makes the theoretical preparation for the later virtual prototype test and finite element simulation analysis.Secondly, the kinematics and dynamics of beam pumping unit are measured with ADAMS2014 virtual prototype technology.The movement law and stroke length of suspension point are verified by simulation.The force and torque of the rod hinges of the pumping unit are measured, and the slight disturbance is found. The frequency spectrum analysis shows that it is caused by the double frequency of the pumping unit's working frequency.Thirdly, the key components of beam pumping unit are analyzed by statics, modal analysis and transient dynamics analysis.Through the statics analysis of the support, it is concluded that the stress and strain are relatively small and meet the requirements of application.The transient dynamic simulation of beam pumping unit is carried out by using ANSYS Workbench software. The simulation results show that the equivalent stress and deformation of the walking beam and connecting rod meet the requirements of application.Through the modal analysis of the whole machine, it is found that the first six modes of the traveling beam and the connecting rod are relatively large, so the mode analysis is done separately, and the working frequency of the heterogeneous beam pumping unit studied in this paper is far from the natural frequency.There is no resonance.Finally, according to the basic principle of the optimization design of the beam pumping unit mechanism, the maximum input power minimization of the crank rocker mechanism of the core mechanism of the beam pumping unit is chosen as the optimization objective.Using the function of parametric modeling and optimization analysis of ADAMS, the optimal results of input power of crank rocker mechanism of beam pumping unit are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE933.1

【参考文献】