聚合物驱原油乳液稳定性分析及脱稳方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 03:07

本文选题：驱油聚合物 + 原油乳液稳定性　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着聚合物驱油技术的不断进步,渤海油田采油平台逐年扩大聚合物驱矿场实验,并取得良好的增油效果。驱油聚合物AP-P4在为提高采收率做出巨大贡献的同时,也为原油采出液的后续处理带来极大困难。AP-P4经过剪切、降解后,形成低分子量的聚合物片段,增加了原油乳液的稳定性,使得破乳剂的药效变差,直接导致药剂用量加大,外输原油含水率超标等一系列问题。因此,深入了解聚合物驱原油乳状液的稳定性规律,寻找有效的脱稳方法,开发新型高效破乳剂是一个相当棘手但又亟需解决的问题。据此本论文进行了如下研究:1、通过稳定性分析仪测试原油乳液的破乳过程,研究了原油组分胶质、沥青质、聚合物含量、聚合物分子量、温度以及含水率对原油乳液的稳定性影响。发现原油组分胶质、沥青质、聚合物含量的增加均加强了原油乳液的稳定性,温度、含水率的升高则减弱了原油乳液的稳定性。用Brookfield粘度计、K-12表/界面张力仪、光学显微镜测定了原油组分沥青质、胶质、聚合物含量变化对原油乳液性质的影响,发现原油组分沥青质、胶质均具有较高的表面活性,能够有效地降低油水界面张力,增加油水界面膜强度,提高原油乳液的稳定性;原油乳液中聚合物含量的升高,致使原油乳液粘度升高,油水界面膜强度增加,原油乳液乳化程度增强,提高了原油乳液的稳定性。含水率的升高使得原油乳液中水滴密度加大,增加了水滴碰撞聚并的机会,降低了原油乳液的稳定性;温度的升高降低了原油乳状液的粘度,降低水滴的聚并难度,使得原油乳液的稳定性降低。2、以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为扩链剂对聚醚破乳剂进行扩链改性,并通过核磁谱图、红外光谱图、激光光散射对其结构进行了表征。研究了改性破乳剂的浊点、水数、HLB值。通过表面张力对改性聚醚破乳剂的聚集行为进行了研究,发现随着交联剂用量的增加,改性聚醚破乳剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)降低,降低表面张力效率升高。通过瓶试法对改性聚醚破乳剂的破乳性能进行了评价,发现通过IPDI的扩链改性,可有效提高破乳剂的破乳性能,较未改性样品脱水率提高达32%。3、以PEG/PPG为扩链剂对聚醚破乳剂进行扩链改性,并通过核磁谱图、红外光谱图、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对其结构进行了表征。研究了 PEG/PPG改性聚醚破乳剂的浊点、水数、HLB值。通过表面张力、界面张力对改性聚醚破乳剂在油水界面的聚集行为进行了研究,发现PPG改性破乳剂较PEG改性破乳剂具有更好地扩散能力,能更有效率地降低表面张力。对改性破乳剂的性能进行了室内评价,筛选出PPG改性破乳剂适用于平台原油破乳试验;使用K平台原油乳液进一步破乳评价,发现P400-10的破乳性能好于平台现用破乳剂BH123,在2 h时脱水率比BH123高16.6%。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of polymer flooding technology, the oil recovery platform of Bohai Oilfield expands the field experiment of polymer flooding year by year, and obtains good oil increasing effect. Oil displacement polymer (AP-P4) not only contributes greatly to oil recovery, but also brings great difficulties to the subsequent treatment of crude oil recovery. AP-P4, after shearing and degradation, forms a low molecular weight polymer fragment, which increases the stability of crude oil emulsion. The demulsifier becomes worse, which directly leads to a series of problems, such as increasing the dosage of medicament and exceeding the standard of water content of crude oil transported out of the country. Therefore, it is a thorny but urgent problem to understand the stability law of polymer flooding oil emulsion, to find an effective method of de-stability and to develop a new type of high efficiency demulsifier. Accordingly, this paper has carried on the following research: 1, through the stability analyzer tests the crude oil emulsion demulsification process, has studied the crude oil constituent glial, the asphaltene, the polymer content, the polymer molecular weight, The influence of temperature and moisture content on the stability of crude oil emulsion. It is found that the stability of crude oil emulsion is enhanced by the increase of colloid, asphaltene and polymer content, and the increase of temperature and moisture content weakens the stability of crude oil emulsion. The effects of the contents of asphaltene, colloid and polymer on the emulsion properties of crude oil were determined by Brookfield viscometer K-12 meter / interfacial tension instrument and optical microscope. It was found that the asphaltene and colloid of crude oil had high surface activity. It can effectively reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, increase the strength of oil-water interfacial film and improve the stability of crude oil emulsion, the increase of polymer content in crude oil emulsion leads to the increase of viscosity and strength of oil-water interfacial film. The emulsification degree of crude oil emulsion is enhanced and the stability of crude oil emulsion is improved. The increase of water content increases the density of water droplets in crude oil emulsion, increases the chance of water droplet collision and coalescence, reduces the stability of crude oil emulsion, and decreases the viscosity of crude oil emulsion and the difficulty of water droplet coalescence. The stability of crude oil emulsion was reduced by 0.2. The polyether demulsifier was modified with isophorone diisocyanate as chain extender and its structure was characterized by NMR, IR and laser light scattering. The cloud point, water number and HLB value of modified demulsifier were studied. The aggregation behavior of modified polyether demulsifier was studied by surface tension. It was found that the critical micelle concentration of modified polyether demulsifier decreased and the surface tension efficiency increased with the increase of crosslinking agent content. The demulsification properties of modified polyether demulsifiers were evaluated by bottle test. It was found that the demulsifying properties of modified polyether demulsifiers could be effectively improved by chain extension modification of IPDI. Compared with the unmodified sample, the dehydration rate of the unmodified sample was increased by 32 and 0.3. The polyether demulsifier was modified with PEG/PPG as chain extender and its structure was characterized by NMR, IR and GPC. The cloud point and water number of PEG/PPG modified polyether demulsifier were studied. The aggregation behavior of modified polyether demulsifier at oil-water interface was studied by surface tension and interfacial tension. It was found that PPG modified demulsifier had better diffusion ability than PEG modified demulsifier and could reduce surface tension more efficiently. The performance of modified demulsifier was evaluated in laboratory, and PPG modified demulsifier was selected for demulsification test of platform crude oil, and further demulsification evaluation was carried out by using K platform crude oil emulsion. It was found that the demulsification performance of P400-10 was better than that of BH123, the dehydration rate of P400-10 was 16.6% higher than that of BH123 at 2 h.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE53

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