废齿轮油再生特性及调合过程试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:56

  本文选题：废齿轮油 + 萃取-絮凝　； 参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：废油再生作为一种废油资源化利用方式,已受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注。但国内现有再生工艺较为落后,再生副产物难处理,且缺乏对废油和再生油的全面评估。为此,本文以废齿轮油为研究对象,开展了废油再生特性及调合过程试验研究,以期为废油再生的工业化应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。提出了一种萃取絮凝与溶剂精制相结合的再生工艺,将所得再生油与新油掺混形成高质量调合油,从而在完成废油再生利用的同时具备经济和环保的优势。论文首先系统分析了新废油的理化特性和化学成分,实验测得废油是粘度较高、酸性和腐蚀性较强、粘温特性和安全性能较差、杂质含量较多的复杂化合物；通过热重实验(TG)分析发现废油的氧化安定性能较差,主要由于废油中烃类发生裂解和聚合反应,生成低沸点物质和胶质、沥青质等高聚物；采用FTIR分析得到废油中含有酸类、酮类、醛类、醚类、醇类、酚类、含氮化合物以及芳香族化合物等新油中基本不存在的有机化合物。为了提升废油品质,建立了废油再生试验系统,开展了废油萃取-絮凝再生特性研究。通过以丁酮作为基础组分,并加入一定量絮凝组分异丙醇组成复合萃取剂,确定了异丙醇：丁酮=3：1为复合萃取剂最佳配比；考察了预处理油产率和质量随萃取-絮凝工艺关键参数(剂油比、萃取温度、萃取时间和KOH添加量)的变化规律；结合正交试验的极差和方差分析,综合得到复合萃取剂萃取-絮凝试验的最佳工况为剂油比5：1、萃取温度20℃、萃取时间15min KOH添加量4g/kg萃取剂,在此条件下获得的预处理油产率为81.6%,酸值为0.28 mg KOH/g。分别选取NMP和活性白土为溶剂和吸附剂,对预处理油进行溶剂精制／吸附精制工艺的对比试验研究。考察了两种精制工艺关键参数对再生油产率和酸值的影响；对两种精制工艺进行多方面综合评价,选取NMP溶剂精制为预处理油较优精制工艺；剂油比4：1、精制温度60℃、精制时间20min、沉降时间12h为NMP溶剂精制单因素最佳工况,在此工况下得到再生油的颜色有明显改善,运动粘度、粘度指数、酸值、水分等物性指标都向品质提升方向发生改变。最后,以再生基础油和新油为研究对象,研究再生油与同类新油不同掺混比下调合油的理化特性和润滑性能。从运动粘度、酸值、闪点、机械杂质、倾点和水分等方面分析调合油的性质,通过试验总结出适用于再生油与新油的理化特性调合计算模型。使用四球摩擦试验机通过极压、减摩和耐磨性能全面分析调合油的润滑性能,提出37.5%为调合油中再生油的最佳体积比。对再生工艺的完整流程进行工程经济性分析,并设计了一套便携式的废油再生装置,为后续工程试验的展开做准备。
[Abstract]:As a way of recycling waste oil, waste oil regeneration has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad. However, the existing regeneration process in China is relatively backward, the regeneration by-products are difficult to deal with, and the comprehensive evaluation of waste oil and regenerated oil is lacking. Therefore, this paper takes waste gear oil as the research object, and carries out the experimental study on the regeneration characteristics and blending process of waste oil, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the industrial application of waste oil regeneration. A regeneration process combining extraction flocculation with solvent refining was proposed. The regenerated oil was mixed with new oil to form high quality blending oil, which had the advantages of economic and environmental protection while recycling the waste oil. Firstly, the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the new waste oil are systematically analyzed. The experimental results show that the waste oil is a complex compound with high viscosity, strong acidity and corrosiveness, poor viscosity and temperature properties, and high impurity content. The oxidation stability of waste oil was found to be poor by thermogravimetric analysis, mainly due to the cracking and polymerization of hydrocarbons in the waste oil, resulting in the formation of low boiling point substances and polymers such as colloid, asphaltene, etc. By FTIR analysis, acids were found in the waste oil. Ketones, aldehydes, ethers, alcohols, phenols, nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatic compounds, etc. In order to improve the quality of waste oil, a waste oil regeneration test system was established, and the characteristics of waste oil extraction and flocculation regeneration were studied. By using butanone as the basic component and adding a certain amount of flocculation component isopropanol to form the compound extractant, the optimum ratio of isopropanol: butanone 3: 1 was determined. The variation of oil yield and quality with the key parameters of extraction-flocculation process (solvent / oil ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and KOH addition) were investigated, and the range and variance of orthogonal test were analyzed. The optimum conditions of extraction-flocculation test of compound extractant are as follows: solvent / oil ratio 5: 1, extraction temperature 20 鈩，

本文编号：1807230