井—地电位梯度无线数据采集系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-05-01 03:31

本文选题：分布式测量 + 井-地　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国主力油田进入高含水期，剩余油分布研究在油气开发工作中备受重视。水驱驱油和水力压裂是剩余油开采应用中的重要技术措施，是提高油田采油率的主要手段。井地电法水驱前缘和压裂裂缝方位监测是利用注入的高电离能量的工作液驱动地层中的剩余油向某个方向集中，利用电场在地层不同介质中的传导差异特性，采用井中充电，地面测量的方式测定注水推进方位和裂缝方位，指导剩余油开采。随着井间电法的发展，直流电法仪获得了广泛应用，直流电法仪是实现水驱前缘和压裂裂缝方位监测的综合检测设备，作为其关键组成部分的数据采集系统的测量准确性、可靠性会直接影响到监测效果的质量。目前，现有国内数据采集系统存在一些局限性。第一，在对高含水期油田和大深度油田勘探时，现有仪器采用电位观测方式且分辨率低，导致数据解释存在多解性。第二，地形复杂地区勘探和大面积勘探时，，现有仪器的有线集中采集方式需要铺设长电缆，线缆铺设难度大。为了满足井地电法勘探中高分辨率勘探、地形复杂地区勘探和大范围勘探的需求，文章对电位梯度数据采集系统进行了深入研究。首先，井地电阻率法是监测水驱前缘和压裂裂缝方位的理论基础，而且在采用电位梯度观测方式时有较好的效果。文章在该方法原理的基础上，结合野外工作方式进行需求分析，给出了井-地电位梯度无线数据采集系统的总体模型和技术指标。提出将高分辨率同步采集技术和分布式无线技术引入电位梯度监测中，不仅提高了采集精度，而且无线分布式设计为地形复杂地区勘探和大范围勘探带来了便利。在对总体模型中的数据存储技术、无线组网技术和无线同步采集技术进行了方案论证后，确定了Zigbee无线组网、GPS同步采集、SD卡本地存储的系统总体设计方案。然后，按照系统总体设计方案，采用模块化的设计思想，从芯片选型、原理图设计、PCB设计、软件设计四个方面对系统各功能模块进行了软硬件设计，制作实现了整个系统。采集节点的主控板采用STM32F103作为主控芯片，实现对外围模块的管理和控制，包括数据采集控制、SD卡数据存储、GPS定位信息解析，工作状态输出等。数据采集板选用全差分运放OPA1632和31位Σ-Δ型ADC ADS1282完成信号的调理和采集，实现输入信号范围为±2.5V，分辨率达到μV级的高分辨率、大动态范围信号采集。采集节点基于GPS高精度授时原理实现了多通道数据的同步采集。采用SDIO驱动SD卡，移植了FatFS文件系统，数据以文本形式存储到SD卡中。在软件开发时采用高内敛、低耦合的设计思想将各个软件功能模块抽象成设备，实现系统分层，方便后期维护。最后，对已完成的井-地电位梯度无线数据采集系统进行性能测试，测试结果达到了预期。通过短路噪声测试验证了采集电路的分辨率和动态范围达到了设计要求；无线通讯丢包率实验验证了无线网络的性能满足实际需求；室内水槽异常体探测实验验证了系统的可行性。
[Abstract]:As the main oil fields of our country enter the high water cut period, the study of residual oil distribution has been paid much attention to in the development of oil and gas. Water drive oil and hydraulic fracturing are important technical measures in the application of residual oil mining. It is the main means to improve oil recovery rate. The monitoring of the front edge of water flooding and fracture azimuth of fracturing is the high ionization energy of the injection. The residual oil in the formation is concentrated in a certain direction, using the electric field in the different medium of the formation of the conduction difference, using the way of charging in the well, measuring the azimuth and azimuth of water injection propulsion, guiding the remaining oil mining.
With the development of the interwell electric method, the DC electric instrument has been widely used. The DC electric instrument is a comprehensive testing equipment to monitor the azimuth of the front edge of water drive and fracture, and the accuracy of the data acquisition system, which is the key component of it, will directly affect the quality of the monitoring effect. At present, the current domestic data collection is collected. There are some limitations in the system. First, in the exploration of high water cut oil field and large depth oil field, the existing instruments use potential observation method and low resolution, which leads to the existence of multi solution. Second, when exploration in complex terrain and large area exploration, the line centralized acquisition methods of existing instruments need to lay long cables and cable laying. In order to meet the requirements of high resolution exploration in well ground electrical prospecting, exploration in complex terrain and the demand for large scale exploration, the potential gradient data acquisition system is deeply studied in this paper.
First, the ground resistivity method is the theoretical basis for monitoring the front edge of water drive and the azimuth of fractured fracture, and it has a good effect when using the potential gradient method. Based on the principle of this method, the requirement analysis is carried out in combination with the field work mode. The overall model and technique of the well ground potential gradient wireless data acquisition system are given. It is proposed that high resolution synchronous acquisition technology and distributed wireless technology are introduced into potential gradient monitoring, which not only improves the acquisition precision, but also brings convenience to the exploration of complex terrain and the large scope of exploration in the wireless distributed design. After the demonstration of the technology, the overall design scheme of Zigbee wireless networking, GPS synchronous acquisition and SD card local storage is determined.
Then, according to the overall design scheme of the system, using the modular design idea, from four aspects of chip selection, schematic design, PCB design and software design, the software and hardware of each functional module of the system are designed and the whole system is made and realized. The main control board of the acquisition node is used as the main control chip to realize the management of the peripheral module. The data acquisition and control, including data acquisition and control, data storage of SD card, GPS positioning information analysis, working state output, etc., the data acquisition board uses full differential op amp OPA1632 and 31 bit sigma delta ADC ADS1282 to complete the signal conditioning and acquisition, realizes the input signal range of + 2.5V, the resolution reaches to the high resolution of the micron V level, and the large dynamic range signal acquisition The acquisition node realizes the synchronous acquisition of multi-channel data based on the GPS high precision timing principle. Using SDIO to drive the SD card, the FatFS file system is transplanted, and the data is stored in the text form to the SD card. In the software development, the high introverted and low coupling design ideas are used to abstract the software power modules into the equipment, and the system is layered and convenient. Later maintenance.
Finally, the performance of the completed well ground potential gradient wireless data acquisition system is tested. The test results are expected. Through the short circuit noise test, the resolution and dynamic range of the acquisition circuit are verified. The wireless communication packet loss rate experiment proves that the performance of the wireless network meets the actual demand; the indoor water tank has been tested. The experiment of abnormal body detection proves the feasibility of the system.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE938;TP274.2

【参考文献】