中国北方砂岩型铀矿成矿作用与油气关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 19:05

本文选题：油气 + 砂岩型铀矿　；参考：《中国地质》2017年02期

【摘要】：油气与砂岩型铀矿的相互作用关系日益受到地质、特别是铀矿地质学者的重视,单个能源矿产的成矿理论已日趋成熟,但相互作用关系研究却十分薄弱,是亟需探究和解决的关键科学问题之一。本文通过中国北方典型砂岩型铀矿与油气时空分布特征分析、镜下微观分析、化学计算,表明油气主要通过吸附作用、还原作用、供铀作用和保铀作用促使铀的富集成矿。其中,油气的裂解产物沥青、有机酸层对铀有强烈的吸附作用;油气的还原作用主要是通过强还原气体(H_2、CH_4、CO、H_2S等)将高价、活化的铀离子还原成四价、稳定的铀矿物;油气与硫酸根离子相互作用生成的有机酸能够通过酸溶、萃取和金属-有机络合作用将途经围岩的部分铀富集并在成矿部位释放,从而叠加改造铀成矿作用,增加铀的来源;油气逸出的强还原气体H_2、CO能使地层产生酸化,形成高岭土化,从而使氧化带呈弱碱性、成矿带呈弱酸性特征。砂岩型铀成矿作用与油气的关系对砂岩型铀矿含矿目的层的厘定、铀矿床定位、补充完善砂岩型铀成矿理论、"烟囱效应"指导找油气等具有重要启示意义。
[Abstract]:The interaction between oil and gas and sandstone-type uranium deposits has been paid more and more attention by geology, especially uranium geologists. The metallogenic theory of single energy minerals has become more and more mature, but the study of the interaction relationship is very weak. It is one of the key scientific problems that need to be explored and solved. By analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of typical sandstone-type uranium deposits and oil and gas in northern China, microscopic analysis under microscope and chemical calculation, it is shown that oil and gas mainly promote uranium enrichment and mineralization through adsorption, reduction, supply of uranium and uranium conservation. Among them, bitumen and organic acid layer, the pyrolysis products of oil and gas, have strong adsorption on uranium, and the reduction of oil and gas is mainly through the strong reduction gas H2CH4COH2S) to reduce the high value and the activated uranium ion to tetravalent, stable uranium ore. The organic acid formed by the interaction of oil and gas with sulfate ion can enrich and release some uranium through the surrounding rock by acid dissolution, extraction and metal-organic complexation, so as to superposition and transform uranium mineralization and increase the source of uranium. The strong reductive gas H _ 2CO released from oil and gas can acidify the formation and form kaolinization, which makes the oxidation zone weak alkaline and the metallogenic zone weak acidic. The relationship between sandstone-type uranium mineralization and oil and gas has important implications for the determination of ore-bearing target beds, the location of uranium deposits, the complement and perfection of sandstone-type uranium metallogenic theory, and the "chimney effect" to guide oil and gas exploration in sandstone-type uranium deposits.
【作者单位】：核工业北京地质研究院中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技部973项目(2015CB453004) 中国核工业地质局科研项目“柴达木盆地北缘铀成矿地质特征与远景评价”(201587) 中核集团龙腾二期“北方重点盆地砂岩型铀矿资源扩大与靶区优选” 国土资源部公益性行业科研专项“半干旱沉积盆地铀矿扫面技术示范区地质研究与异常解释”(201511034-3)联合资助~~
【分类号】：P618.13;P619.14

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