滚筒抽油机差动调速换向装置及其控制研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 09:00

本文选题：滚筒抽油机 + 差动轮系　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今世界,石油仍是经济发展的支柱能源。随着油田开采速度的加快,我国各大油田的主要油区已处于高含水开采阶段,油井深度不断增大,抽油机悬点载荷也越来越大,造成油面的高度和填充率的不断变化。在这种工况下,目前广泛应用的游梁抽油机由于其固有结构的限制,往往会产生空抽和液击现象,会大大降低开采效率并降低设备寿命,且其平衡效果差,能耗高的缺点也日益凸显。因此,现阶段对抽油机的基本要求是冲程长,冲程冲次易于调节,且能耗低。无游梁滚筒式抽油机以其易于实现上述功能而备受重视,但由于缺乏可靠的调速换向机构,目前滚筒抽油机的应用并不广泛。本文旨在为滚筒抽油机研制出一种具有可靠性高、能耗低、冲程冲次易于调节、自动化程度高的调速换向装置——差动调速换向装置,为长冲程抽油机的推广和应用提供保障。首先,设计差动调速换向装置的总体方案,规划悬点运动规律并详细地验证了其效率。其次,分析抽油机的悬点载荷,确定构件受力及配重(编写了MATLAB求解程序,对不同采油工况,只需输入相应参数即可得出对应的配重大小),并在此基础上对差动调速换向装置的机械部分——调速部分、换向部分、工作部分——进行了具体的结构设计。随后,建立整个装置的三维模型来检验其装配干涉,使用ADAMS虚拟样机技术对其进行运动学与动力学分析,并用有限元方法验证了关键零部件件的强度。最后,设计了差动调速换向装置的电气控制系统。当该装置用于不同油井或采油工况(冲程和冲次)改变时,只需根据工况规划出新的运动规律,重新设定PLC控制程序参数即可,而不需要做其他调整,非常方便经济。选用这种差动调速换向装置的滚筒抽油机可应用于大多数油井和多种采油工况,能够大规模推广使用。本文研制的滚筒抽油机差动调速换向装置解决了制约滚筒抽油机推广的换向、调速问题,为滚筒抽油机的推广打下了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:In today's world, oil is still the mainstay of economic development. With the rapid development of oil fields, the main oil fields in China have been in the stage of high water cut, the depth of oil wells is increasing, and the load of pumping units is increasing, which results in the constant change of oil level height and filling rate. Under this condition, because of the limitation of its inherent structure, the widely used beam pumping unit often produces the phenomenon of air pumping and liquid shock, which will greatly reduce the mining efficiency and the equipment life, and its balance effect is poor. The drawback of high energy consumption is also increasingly prominent. Therefore, the basic requirements for pumping units at present are long stroke, easy to adjust stroke times, and low energy consumption. The non-beam roller pumping unit is paid more attention to because it is easy to realize the above functions. However, due to the lack of reliable speed regulating and reversing mechanism, the drum pumping unit is not widely used at present. The purpose of this paper is to develop a speed regulating reversing device with high reliability, low energy consumption, easy adjustment of stroke times and high degree of automation for roller pumping units, which provides a guarantee for the popularization and application of long stroke pumping units. Firstly, the general scheme of the differential speed regulating commutator is designed, and the law of suspension motion is planned and its efficiency is verified in detail. Secondly, the suspension load of the pumping unit is analyzed, and the load and counterweight of the components are determined. (a MATLAB solution program is written for different oil recovery conditions. On the basis of this, the mechanical part, the commutating part and the working part of the differential speed regulating commutator are designed concretely. Then, the 3D model of the whole device is built to test the assembly interference, and the kinematics and dynamics of the device are analyzed by using ADAMS virtual prototyping technology. The strength of the key parts is verified by finite element method. Finally, the electric control system of the differential speed regulating and reversing device is designed. When the device is used in different oil wells or oil recovery conditions (stroke and stroke), it is only necessary to plan out the new motion rules according to the working conditions and reset the parameters of the PLC control program without any other adjustment, which is very convenient and economical. The roller pumping unit with this kind of differential speed regulating and reversing device can be used in most oil wells and various oil production conditions, and can be widely used in a large scale. The differential speed regulating and reversing device developed in this paper solves the problem of reversing and regulating speed which restricts the popularization of the roller pumping unit and lays a solid foundation for the popularization of the roller pumping unit.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE933.1

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