面向长输石油管道安全监测的光纤振动传感技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 18:34

本文选题：管道振动监测 + 光学传感器　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长输管道是石油、天然气等战略资源的主要运输方式之一,其安全运维至关重要。但是打孔盗油及管道泄漏等现象长期存在,严重危害长输管道的安全运维,一旦发生大范围泄漏或爆炸事故会造成巨大的经济损失甚至严重的环境污染,因此对于长输管道进行实时监测具有非常重要的意义。本文对长输石油管道的发展及管道安全监测的研究现状进行了综述,并对现有的管道监测技术进行了总结说明。由于管道上的打孔盗油及泄漏现象均会产生振动信号,以管道上振动信号作为检测对象,开展了基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)振动传感和基于光纤微悬臂梁的法布里珀罗(FP)腔振动传感两种方法的研究,分别对FBG和FP腔的振动传感原理进行了研究分析,以及对传感器的结构、信号采集与信号解调部分进行分析设计和实验验证。本课题的主要研究内容包括:1、开展了基于FBG振动传感的打孔盗油预警技术研究,搭建了管道振动信号实时监测系统,并在模拟的管道上进行了不同直径不同转速的现场钻孔和敲击实验,采用偏最小二乘分析判别法(PLSDA)对管道上的不同类型钻孔等振动信号进行特征识别。2、设计加工了基于光纤微悬臂梁的振动传感器研究,对其可行性进行了理论分析,在实验室搭建传感系统进行了振动信号的检测,并对悬臂梁的加工、悬臂梁的振动仿真、传感头的封装、信号采集与解调等模块进行分析研究,实验结果表明该方法有望对管道上打孔盗油等环境信息进行监测。同时,搭建电子学微音器系统对管道振动信号进行检测作为对比实验,与以上两种管道振动检测方法进行了优缺点比较。理论分析与实验验证结果表明:基于FBG振动传感和基于光纤微悬臂梁的FP腔振动传感方案均可对管道振动信号进行检测,相比于传统的管道振动检测方法,具有良好的灵敏度与较高的分辨率,为石油管道运输中打孔盗油等破坏性行为的监测提供了可参考的技术方案。
[Abstract]:Long-distance pipeline is one of the main transportation modes of strategic resources such as oil and natural gas, and its safe operation and maintenance is very important. However, the phenomenon of drilling oil theft and pipeline leakage has existed for a long time, which seriously endangers the safe operation and maintenance of long-distance pipelines. Once a large-scale leakage or explosion accident occurs, it will cause huge economic losses and even serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is very important to monitor long distance pipeline in real time. In this paper, the development of long distance oil pipeline and the research status of pipeline safety monitoring are summarized, and the existing pipeline monitoring technology is summarized and explained. Because of the phenomenon of oil theft and leakage on the pipeline, vibration signals will be produced, and the vibration signal on the pipeline will be used as the detection object. Two methods of vibration sensing based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and fiber cantilever beam (FBG) and Fabry-Perot cavity (FP) cavity vibration sensing are studied, and the principles of FBG and FP cavity vibration sensing are analyzed respectively. The structure of the sensor, signal acquisition and signal demodulation are analyzed, designed and verified by experiments. The main research contents of this subject include: 1, the research of drilling oil theft early warning technology based on FBG vibration sensor is carried out, and the real-time monitoring system of pipeline vibration signal is built. Field drilling and percussion experiments with different diameters and rotational speeds were carried out on the simulated pipe. The partial least squares discriminant method (PLSDA) is used to identify the characteristics of the vibration signals of different types of boreholes on the pipeline. The vibration sensor based on the optical fiber cantilever beam is designed and machined, and the feasibility of the sensor is analyzed theoretically. The sensor system was set up in the laboratory to detect the vibration signal, and the processing of the cantilever beam, the vibration simulation of the cantilever beam, the encapsulation of the sensor head, the signal acquisition and demodulation module were analyzed and studied. The experimental results show that this method can be used to monitor the environmental information such as drilling and stealing oil. At the same time, the electronic microphonic system is set up to detect the pipeline vibration signal as a contrast experiment, and the advantages and disadvantages of the above two methods are compared. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that both the FBG vibration sensing scheme and the FP cavity vibration sensing scheme based on fiber optic micro-cantilever beam can detect the pipeline vibration signal, compared with the traditional pipeline vibration detection method. It has good sensitivity and high resolution, which provides a reference technical scheme for monitoring the destructive behavior of drilling and stealing oil in oil pipeline transportation.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE88

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