汽油清净性检测技术开发与清净性改善的减排潜力研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 13:12

本文选题：车用汽油 + 清净性　；参考：《清华大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：改善车用汽油品质能够有效降低汽车排放污染。清净性是车用汽油一种重要的环保属性,提高车用汽油清净性,有助于减少发动机沉积物生成,降低汽车排放。全面地掌握一个地区车用汽油清净性水平,定量评估车用汽油清净性改善的减排潜力,有利于更准确地评估该地区机动车污染物排放量,对于车用油品环境管理、提高排放源清单和空气质量模拟准确性等具有重要意义。在综合发动机台架试验、快速模拟方法试验结果和试验参数优化的基础上,本研究建立了M111法与沉积板法的相关性(R2=0.735);研发了快速模拟检测方法-贫氧胶质法,建立了与M111法的相关性(R2=0.726);确定了与M111法对应的检测限值(沉积板法:第四/五阶段5/3 mg;贫氧胶质法:6 mg),并纳入国家环境保护标准(GWKB1.1-2011),为开展地区性、大规模车用汽油清净性检测提供了重要技术手段。基于本研究建立的沉积板法与M111法定量关系和沉积板沉积物形态分析方法,检测并分析了北京市和石家庄等中部6个城市汽油清净性。北京市汽油样品清净性优良占50.7%,清净剂加剂量不足占26.8%,未加清净剂样品占22.5%。中部6城市汽油样品均未添加清净剂,清净性差。本研究进一步开展了我国实际车辆和燃油条件下在用车发动机沉积物对污染物排放影响规律的研究。清除发动机沉积物后,热车工况HC排放降低29.4%;CO冷启动排放降低23.0%,热车工况下降低35.5%。建立了沉积板法沉积物重量-M111法沉积物重量-车队实车进气阀重量-车队实车减排率之间的定量关系。设定4种清净性水平情景,对北京市和全国减排量进行了评估。北京市HC排放最高可以减少0.94万吨,CO最高减少10.0万吨。全国范围内HC排放最高可以减少51.8万吨,CO最高减少673.5万吨。结果表明,清净性改善将显著降低汽油车污染物排放。
[Abstract]:Improving vehicle gasoline quality can effectively reduce vehicle emission pollution. Cleanliness is an important environmental protection property of vehicle gasoline. Improving the cleanliness of vehicle gasoline will help to reduce the formation of engine sediment and reduce vehicle emissions. A comprehensive understanding of the level of vehicle gasoline cleanliness in a region and a quantitative assessment of the emission reduction potential of the improvement of vehicle gasoline cleanliness are conducive to a more accurate assessment of the emission of motor vehicle pollutants in the region and the environmental management of vehicle oil products. It is important to improve the accuracy of emission source inventory and air quality simulation. On the basis of comprehensive engine bench test, rapid simulation method test results and test parameters optimization, the correlation between M111 method and deposition plate method is established, and a rapid simulation test method, oxygen poor colloid method, is developed. The correlation with the M111 method was established, and the detection limits corresponding to the M111 method were determined (deposition plate method: fourth / fifth stage 5 / 3 mg; Oxycolloid method: 6 mg / g) and incorporated into the National Environmental Protection Standard GWKB 1.1-2011a, for regional development, Large-scale gasoline cleanliness detection provides an important technical means. Based on the quantitative relationship between the sediment plate method and the M111 method and the sediment morphology analysis method, the gasoline cleanliness of six cities in the middle of Beijing and Shijiazhuang was detected and analyzed. The cleanliness of gasoline samples in Beijing was 50.7, the dosage of purifier was 26.8%, and the unpurified sample was 22.5%. No detergent was added to the gasoline samples in 6 central cities, and the cleanliness was poor. In this study, the effect of in-use vehicle engine sediment on pollutant emission under actual vehicle and fuel conditions was further studied. After removing engine sediment, HC emission in hot car condition is reduced by 29.4% and CO cold start emission is reduced by 23.0%, while that under hot vehicle condition is reduced by 35.5g. A quantitative relationship between sediment gravimetry, intake valve weight and emission reduction rate was established. Four kinds of cleanliness level scenarios were set to evaluate the emission reduction in Beijing and China. The highest HC emission in Beijing can be reduced by 9400 tons or 100000 tons of CO. The highest HC emission can be reduced by 518000 tons and CO by 6.735 million tons nationwide. The results show that the improvement of cleanliness will significantly reduce the emission of pollutants from gasoline vehicles.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE626.21;X734.2

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