容器内置式静电聚结器中稠油—水乳状液聚结特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 22:24

本文选题：分离 + 稠油　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：稠油具有粘度高、密度大、胶质沥青质含量高的特点,造成稠油乳状液成分复杂、脱水困难。静电聚结技术是油水乳状液高效深度脱水的重要方法,容器内置式静电聚结构件作为电脱水器的核心装置,对其进行改造和优化势在必行。本文利用电场模拟和室内环道实验共同研究了稠油-水乳状液在容器内置式静电聚结构件中的电聚结特性。通过电场模拟,研究了聚结构件的结构参数对电场分布的影响。通过室内实验,从微观角度研究了影响液滴聚结特性的主要因素,从宏观角度研究了稠油-水乳状液在聚结构件中的油水分离特性和电极能耗。电场模拟从布置形式、绝缘形式、绝缘层厚度、间距等方面对电场分布进行研究。模拟结果表明,高压电极和低压电极均为平铺线型,并采用两极尺寸一致、疏密一致的交错排列时,可以达到更好的聚结效果。当稠油含水率较低时,采用绝缘层厚度较薄的单极绝缘包覆可以达到最佳的分离电场,同时降低电击穿的可能。室内实验从电场强度、电场频率、电场形式、温度、含水率等方面对稠油乳状液的液滴聚结特性进行研究。实验结果表明,稠油的临界电场强度比一般油品更低。随着电场频率增加,两种稠油的聚结效果均呈先增加、后减小,最后再次增加的趋势。正弦电场在场强较高时有更好的聚结效果。温度或含水率越高,发生电分散的电场强度越低。电分散发生后,乳状液中小液滴的数目增多,不利于聚结过程。此外,室内实验还从电压、电场频率、温度、含水率、流量等方面对聚结构件的分离效率和能耗进行研究。实验结果表明,电压值是决定聚结构件能耗的关键因素,不建议通过无限提高电场频率来提高油水分离效率。温度升高,电能消耗变化不大。含水率增加,电能消耗增加。随着流量的增加,聚结构件处理乳状液的单位体积能耗增加,增幅随着电压上升而升高。延长电场停留时间能够有效克服常规电脱水器占地面积大、处理效率低等缺点。
[Abstract]:Heavy oil has the characteristics of high viscosity, high density and high content of glial asphaltene, which makes the composition of heavy oil emulsion complex and dehydration difficult. Electrostatic coalescence technology is an important method for high efficiency deep dehydration of oil-water emulsion. As the core device of electric dehydrator, it is imperative to reform and optimize the electrostatic agglomeration structure of container. In this paper, the electric agglomeration characteristics of viscous oil-water emulsion in a container electrostatic agglomeration structure are studied by using electric field simulation and laboratory annular experiment. Through electric field simulation, the influence of structure parameters of polymer structure on electric field distribution is studied. Through laboratory experiments, the main factors affecting the coalescence characteristics of droplets were studied from the microscopic point of view, and the oil-water separation characteristics and electrode energy consumption of heavy oil-water emulsion in the polymer structure were studied from the macroscopic point of view. The distribution of electric field is studied in the form of arrangement, thickness of insulation layer and spacing of electric field. The simulation results show that the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode are of flat line type and the interlaced arrangement with the same size and density of the two poles can achieve a better coalescence effect. When the water content of heavy oil is low, the unipolar insulation coating with thin insulating layer can achieve the best separation electric field and reduce the possibility of electric breakdown. The characteristics of droplet coalescence of viscous oil emulsion were studied in laboratory from electric field intensity, electric field frequency, electric field form, temperature, water cut, etc. The experimental results show that the critical electric field strength of heavy oil is lower than that of common oil. With the increase of electric field frequency, the coalescence effect of the two kinds of heavy oil increases first, then decreases, and finally increases again. The sinusoidal electric field has better coalescence effect when the field strength is higher. The higher the temperature or moisture content, the lower the electric field intensity of electric dispersion. After electrodispersion, the number of small and medium droplets in emulsion increased, which was not conducive to the coalescence process. In addition, the separation efficiency and energy consumption of polymer structure were studied from the aspects of voltage, electric field frequency, temperature, moisture content and flow rate. The experimental results show that the voltage value is the key factor to determine the energy consumption of polymer structure, and it is not recommended to increase the efficiency of oil-water separation by increasing the frequency of electric field infinitely. When the temperature rises, the power consumption does not change much. Water content increases, power consumption increases. With the increase of flow rate, the unit volume energy consumption of emulsion treated with polymer structure increased, and the increase increased with the increase of voltage. Prolonging the residence time of electric field can effectively overcome the disadvantages of large area and low treatment efficiency of conventional electric dehydrator.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE868

【参考文献】