深水钻井管柱力学与设计控制技术研究新进展

发布时间：2018-06-02 14:54

本文选题：深水钻井 + 管柱力学　；参考：《石油科学通报》2016年01期

【摘要】：深水钻井作业主要包括导管喷射安装、表层套管井段钻井、水下防喷器组和深水钻井隔水管安装及后续钻井等4个主要作业环节,涉及导管、钻井隔水管、送入管柱等3类管柱系统。与陆地及浅水近海钻井不同,由于深水钻井工况的独特性,管柱在作业过程中产生复杂的力学行为,严重影响深水钻井的安全高效作业。因此,开展深水钻井管柱力学与设计控制技术研究,对于推动深水钻井科技进步具有重要意义。深水导管喷射安装技术是适应深水钻井的特殊要求而发展起来的一种浅层作业技术,也是深水钻井作业程序的第一步。作业过程涉及导管和送入管柱2类管柱系统,主要目的在于建立安全稳定的水下井口,为后续的钻井作业奠定基础。例如送入管柱的力学行为分析与优化设计研究、水下井口的管土相互作用与导管承载能力研究等,对实现水下井口安全稳定的目标具有重要意义。本文从工程应用与技术研发2个方面,对涉及其中的送入管柱强度设计与校核、导管喷射安装工艺和导管承载能力等3个方面的研究进展进行了综述与展望。认为深水导管喷射安装的未来研究将侧重于极限工况下导管的入泥深度与承载力计算、喷射钻进参数优化、导管喷射安装风险评估与可靠性预测,以及深水导管喷射安装模拟实验等内容。深水钻井隔水管是连接浮式钻井平台与水下井口的重要设备,可提供钻井液循环通道、支持辅助管线、引导钻具、下放与回收防喷器组等。深水钻井隔水管在整个钻井作业过程中涉及安装、正常钻进、回收与紧急撤离等作业过程。由于波流联合作用力的动态效应,深水钻井隔水管在服役期间会产生轴向拉伸、横向弯曲、耦合振动等一系列复杂力学行为,给深水钻井安全作业带来巨大挑战。因此,对深水钻井隔水管力学行为进行研究,确保其安全可靠性,是深水钻井研究的关键问题之一。本文着眼于深水钻井隔水管的顶张力控制、纵横弯曲变形、横向振动特性、纵向振动特性、耦合振动特性及涡激振动特性等主要力学问题,从载荷计算、控制方程、边界条件及求解方法等方面入手,总结了深水钻井隔水管系统在力学与设计控制技术方面取得的新进展,对目前研究中仍然存在的问题进行了剖析和探讨。研究认为在以后的工作中,应在深水钻井隔水管安装作业窗口分析预测、隔水管涡激振动响应与抑制、隔水管疲劳寿命计算与评估,以及隔水管力学行为模拟实验等方面加强研究。在深水井筒整个寿命期间,最大限度地使井筒中地层流体处于有效控制的安全运行状态,防止浅层气和浅水流入侵,提高固井质量,避免水下套管柱变形甚至挤毁等,对于提高深水油气井筒的完整性具有重要的实际意义。本文以深水井筒的温度分布规律、套管环空压力变化及套管应力分布等研究为主,对深水井筒完整性预测和预防研究进行了综述,主要内容包括地层非稳态传热、套管环空循环温度分布、密闭环空内流体升温膨胀引起的附加载荷和预防措施、多层套管柱环空压力计算、套管—水泥环—地层系统热力耦合响应等。分析认为充分考虑深水钻井特殊工艺与环境约束条件、建立适用于深水井身结构与套管柱优化设计方法、开展深水井筒完整性风险评估与设计控制技术研发将是未来关注的重点。开展深水钻井管柱力学模拟实验研究,获取相关的有效数据,对于提高深水管柱力学与设计控制研究水平具有必要性。本文建立了"深水管柱力学模拟实验系统",并对其结构组成、操作方法、技术参数及主要功能等进行了详细说明,介绍了深水钻井隔水管力学行为模拟实验与疲劳寿命测试方面取得的新进展。本文对深水导管喷射安装技术、深水钻井隔水管系统力学与设计控制技术以及深水井筒完整性预测和预防研究等方面的新进展进行了综述和展望,对指导今后的深水钻井管柱力学与设计控制技术研究具有参考价值。
[Abstract]:The deepwater drilling operation mainly includes 4 main operational links, such as catheter ejection installation, surface casing well section drilling, underwater blowout preventer group and deepwater drilling riser installation and follow-up drilling, which involve 3 types of pipe string systems, such as ducts, drilling risers, and pipe columns. Different from land and shallow water near sea drilling, because of the uniqueness of deepwater drilling conditions, The pipe string produces complicated mechanical behavior during the operation, which seriously affects the safe and efficient operation of deepwater drilling. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the mechanics and design control technology of the deep water drilling pipe column, which is of great significance for promoting the progress of deepwater drilling technology. A shallow operation technique, which is also the first step of the deepwater drilling operation procedure. The operation process involves the 2 types of pipe and column system, which is mainly aimed at establishing a safe and stable underwater wellhead and laying the foundation for the subsequent drilling operation. For example, the mechanical behavior analysis and optimization design of the pipe column, and the pipe soil at the underwater wellhead. The study of interaction and carrying capacity of ducts is of great significance to the goal of realizing safety and stability of underwater wellhead. From 2 aspects of engineering application and technology research and development, this paper reviews and summarizes the research progress of 3 aspects, including the strength design and check of the pipe column, the installation process of the catheter and the carrying capacity of the catheter. The future research on the installation of deep water ducts will focus on the depth and bearing capacity of the ducts under the extreme conditions, the optimization of the injection drilling parameters, the risk assessment and the reliability prediction of the catheter ejection installation, as well as the simulation experiments on the installation of the deep water catheter. The Deepwater drilling riser is connected to the floating drilling platform and underwater. The important equipment in the wellhead can provide the drilling fluid circulation channel, support the auxiliary pipelines, guide the drilling tools, the lower and the recovery blowout blowers. The deepwater drilling riser involves installation, normal drilling, recovery and emergency evacuation during the whole drilling operation. The deepwater drilling riser is the dynamic effect of the combined wave flow force. During service, a series of complicated mechanical behaviors, such as axial tension, lateral bending and coupling vibration, have brought great challenges to the safety operation of deepwater drilling. Therefore, it is one of the key problems to study the mechanical behavior of deepwater drilling riser to ensure its safety and reliability. This paper focuses on the Deepwater drilling riser. The main mechanical problems, such as top tension control, longitudinal and transverse bending deformation, transverse vibration characteristics, longitudinal vibration characteristics, coupled vibration characteristics and vortex induced vibration characteristics, are summarized from the aspects of load calculation, control equations, boundary conditions and solution methods, and the new progress in the mechanics and design control technology of deepwater drilling riser system is summarized. The problems that still exist in the present study are analyzed and discussed. It is considered that in the future work, the analysis and prediction of the installation window of the deepwater drilling riser, the response and suppression of the vortex excited vibration of the riser, the calculation and evaluation of the fatigue life of the riser, and the simulation experiment of the mechanical behavior of the riser are strengthened. During the whole life of the wellbore, the formation fluid in the wellbore is in a safe and safe operation state, preventing shallow gas and shallow water flow invasion, improving the cementing quality, avoiding the deformation and even crushing of the underwater casing string. It is of great practical significance to improve the integrity of the deep water well bore. The rule of temperature distribution, the change of casing air pressure and the distribution of casing stress are the main aspects, and the research on the prediction and prevention of the integrity of the deep water wellbore is reviewed. The main contents include the unsteady heat transfer of the strata, the distribution of the annular temperature of the casing, the additional load and preventive measures caused by the heating and expansion of the closed annular space, and the multi-layer casing string. The calculation of the annular pressure, the thermal coupling response of the casing cement ring to the formation system, and so on. It is considered that the optimum design method for the deep water well structure and casing string is established, and the development of the risk assessment and the design control technology for the Deepwater wellbore integrity will be the focus of attention in the future. It is necessary for improving the research level of deep water pipe column mechanics and design control. In this paper, a "deep water pipe column mechanical simulation experiment system" is set up, and its structure, operation method, technical parameters and main functions are described in detail. The new progress in the mechanical behavior simulation experiment and fatigue life test of the deepwater drilling riser is introduced. The new progress of deep water catheter ejection installation technology, the mechanics and design control technology of deepwater drilling riser system and the research on the integrity prediction and prevention of deep water wellbore are reviewed and prospected in this paper. It has reference value for the study of deep water drilling string mechanics and design control technology.
【作者单位】：中国石油大学石油工程教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目和重点项目(项目批准号:51521063和U1262201)
【分类号】：TE951

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