煤层气储层多脉冲压裂开发机理及工艺研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 15:31

本文选题：煤层气 + 多脉冲压裂　；参考：《西安石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤层气已成为世界上继煤炭、石油及天然气后新的接替能源之一,美国、加拿大等已实现商业化的开发和利用。我国的煤层气资源总量居世界前列,合理的利用和开发煤层气资源对我国的能源发展具有重要的战略意义。然而,由于我国煤储层的“三低”特性及地层结构的复杂性,煤层气的开发工艺和技术还处于试验阶段。目前,以水力压裂为主的储层改造工艺还不能完全满足开发需求,迫切需要新技术的探索与研究。为此,本论文开展了煤层气储层多脉冲压裂开发机理及工艺的研究。本论文基于高能气体压裂在煤层气中的先导性试验以及对煤岩储层分析,以山西沁水郑庄区块为研究对象,开展了对煤层气多脉冲压裂裂缝长度、压裂药的能量利用率、煤岩的岩石力学参数以及煤层气储层多脉冲压裂的工艺研究。通过对多脉冲压裂裂缝长度计算模型的建立及分析得出,在合理的峰值压力范围内,总装药量越大,气体能量作用于地层的时间越长,裂缝长度越长;通过对压裂药能量利用率计算模型的研究和分析得出,在浅层煤层气中,采用全封闭式压裂井口装置以及多级装药结构,可以有效的减少压挡液做功损失的能量,从而提高了压裂药的能量利用率,使地层产生更长的多裂缝体系。根据煤岩横波时差和纵波时差的实测数据,用线性经验公式法,待定系数经验公式法,Critensen预测法建立了煤岩横波时差模型,并用对比分析法和误差分析法对横波时差的模型进行优选。利用优选的横波时差模型,对煤岩的岩石力学参数公式进行了修正,并通过水力压裂法求取了煤岩的地应力。以上的研究分析为煤层气多脉冲压裂选层及压裂施工参数的确定奠定了基础。本文以研究的煤层气多脉冲压裂机理为理论依据,对多级控制装置、延时点火控制装置以及装药结构等进行了研究,设计出了煤层气储层全封闭式多脉冲压裂工艺,并将此工艺应用到现场施工中,对其效果进行了评价。该技术为我国煤层气的开发提供了新的途径。
[Abstract]:Coal bed methane (CBM) has become one of the new alternative energy sources after coal, oil and natural gas in the world. The United States, Canada and so on have realized commercial development and utilization. The total amount of coal bed methane (CBM) resources in China ranks first in the world. It is of great strategic significance to rationally utilize and develop CBM resources for the development of energy resources in China. However, because of the "three low" characteristics of coal reservoirs and the complexity of formation structure in China, the development process and technology of coalbed methane are still in the experimental stage. At present, the reservoir reconstruction technology based on hydraulic fracturing can not fully meet the development needs, and the exploration and research of new technology is urgently needed. Therefore, the development mechanism and technology of multi-pulse fracturing in coalbed methane reservoir are studied in this paper. Based on the pilot test of high-energy gas fracturing in coalbed methane and the analysis of coal-rock reservoir, the fracture length of multi-pulse fracturing of coalbed methane and the energy utilization rate of fracturing agent are carried out in this paper, taking Zhengzhuang block in Qinshui, Shanxi Province as the research object. Study on rock mechanics parameters of coal and rock and multi-pulse fracturing technology of coalbed methane reservoir. Through the establishment and analysis of the fracture length calculation model for multi-pulse fracturing, it is concluded that in the reasonable range of peak pressure, the larger the total charge, the longer the gas energy acting on the formation, and the longer the fracture length; Through the research and analysis of the calculation model of energy utilization rate of fracturing charge, it is concluded that in shallow coal bed methane, the energy loss of work loss can be effectively reduced by adopting a completely closed fracturing wellhead device and multistage charge structure. Thus, the energy utilization rate of fracturing agent is improved, and the formation has longer multi-fracture system. Based on the measured data of shear wave moveout and P-wave moveout of coal and rock, a coal rock S-wave moveout model is established by using linear empirical formula method and undetermined coefficient empirical formula method and Critensen prediction method. The model of S-wave time difference is optimized by contrast analysis and error analysis. Based on the optimized S-wave moveout model, the formula of rock mechanics parameters of coal and rock is modified, and the in-situ stress of coal and rock is obtained by hydraulic fracturing. The above research and analysis laid a foundation for the selection of coalbed methane multi-pulse fracturing and the determination of fracturing operation parameters. Based on the multi-pulse fracturing mechanism of coalbed methane studied in this paper, the multi-stage control device, delay ignition control device and charge structure are studied, and a completely closed multi-pulse fracturing technology for coalbed methane reservoir is designed. The process is applied to field construction and its effect is evaluated. This technology provides a new way for the development of coalbed methane in China.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE377

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