全球主要国家水合物探采计划与研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-29 10:28

本文选题：天然气水合物 + 替代能源　；参考：《中国地质》2017年03期

【摘要】：随着世界上石油和常规天然气资源的消耗和减少,各国的研究人员正在致力于寻找新的替代能源,天然气水合物的发现、勘探、开发和利用为未来能源带来新的希望。由于天然气水合物具有重要的战略意义和巨大的经济价值,世界上许多发达国家和发展中国家都将其列入国家重点研发计划,美国、日本、印度、韩国、德国、挪威以及中国等均相继投入巨资进行海域天然气水合物调查甚至于开采试验。文章介绍了国际上主要国家天然气水合物勘探开发计划的历史和现状,重点阐述了国家层面的天然气水合物勘探开采计划、实施情况、资金投入以及战略研究,同时从整体角度,对天然气水合物现阶段关注的重点问题进行了阐述。按照各个国家的发展趋势和研究目标总结为3种类别:(1)美国,早期在研究机构和ODP航次支持下,积累了大量的地质实物资料,但由于受到页岩气工业革命等商业模式冲击,近期天然气水合物开采领域投资放缓,但仍然关注于理论和技术实践,并保持综合科学研究工作为主,待时机成熟后将再次注入国家预算资金;(2)中国、日本、印度、韩国,由于受到国内能源结构和储备的限制,对天然气水合物勘探开采持有非常积极的态度,国家资金投入丰厚,全部开展了多期次的近海的天然气水合物钻探工作,并且中国和日本近年在海域试开采领域突飞猛进,分别取得了重要性的阶段成果,极可能是未来世界上首批商业性开采的国家;(3)德国、挪威,作为传统的欧洲工业国家,利用雄厚的工业技术基础,在天然气水合物能源开采技术研究以及环境评估等方面另辟蹊径,着重关注于全球环境保护和二氧化碳置换甲烷技术,是天然气水合物研究领域的绿色保护者代表,可为后能源时代提供天然气水合物新的机遇。
[Abstract]:With the consumption and reduction of oil and conventional natural gas resources in the world, researchers from all over the world are working to find new alternative energy sources. The discovery, exploration, exploitation and utilization of natural gas hydrates bring new hope for future energy sources. Because gas hydrate has important strategic significance and great economic value, many developed and developing countries in the world have included it in key national R & D programs, the United States, Japan, India, South Korea, Germany, the United States, Japan, India, South Korea, Germany, the United States, Japan, India, South Korea, Germany, Norway and China have invested a lot of money in gas hydrate investigation and even exploration test. This paper introduces the history and present situation of gas hydrate exploration and development plans in major countries in the world, and focuses on the national level gas hydrate exploration and exploitation plan, implementation situation, capital investment and strategic research. At the same time, from the overall point of view, the key issues concerned about gas hydrate at the present stage are expounded. According to the development trends and research objectives of various countries, there are three categories: (1) the United States, with the support of research institutions and ODP voyages, accumulated a large amount of geological physical data in the early years, but was impacted by commercial models such as the shale gas industrial revolution. Recent investment in natural gas hydrate production has slowed down, but it is still focused on theory and technical practice, and remains focused on comprehensive scientific research. When the time is ripe, it will again inject funds into the national budget; (2) China, Japan, India, South Korea, Because of the limitations of domestic energy structure and reserves, they have a very positive attitude towards the exploration and exploitation of natural gas hydrates. The state has invested heavily in the exploration and exploitation of natural gas hydrates, and all of them have carried out multi-stage offshore gas hydrate drilling. Moreover, in recent years, China and Japan have made rapid progress in the field of sea area trial mining, respectively, and have achieved important stage results, which are likely to be the first batch of commercial mining countries in the world in the future. (3) Germany, Norway, as a traditional European industrial country, Taking advantage of the solid industrial technology base, to explore new approaches in the field of natural gas hydrate energy extraction technology research and environmental assessment, focusing on global environmental protection and carbon dioxide replacement methane technology, It is the representative of green protector in the field of natural gas hydrate research, which can provide new opportunities for gas hydrate in the post-energy era.
【作者单位】：中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局;
【基金】：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20160214,121201002000150007)资助~~
【分类号】：P618.13;TE37

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