基于球形内检测器的长输管道微小泄漏检测关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 12:42

本文选题：微小泄漏 + 球形内检测器　；参考：《天津大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：长输油气管道在国民经济发展中起着重要的作用,同时又时有安全事故发生。近年来,随着管道运营时间增长,因腐蚀、老化、裂纹、自然泄漏等原因导致的微小泄漏事件逐渐成为管道安全检测领域的主要问题。本课题组研制的基于负压波的管道泄漏监测与定位系统已在15000余公里的原油及成品油管道上成功应用,获得巨大经济效益及社会效益,但该技术只能检测突发性大泄漏,对微小泄漏无能为力。针对管道运输领域亟需解决的微小泄漏检测与定位这个世界级难题,本文创新的提出基于球形内检测器的长输管道微小泄漏检测方法,该方法不仅可大大提高泄漏检测的灵敏度,而且极大降低了内检测器卡堵的风险。围绕球形内检测器的研制中的关键问题,本文开展以下四方面研究:(1)针对球形内检测器竖直管段的安全通过性问题,采用流体动力学方法详细分析了球形内检测器在管道最极端的竖直管段内的受力情况,保证其有良好的通过性,不会发生卡堵。指出管内流速、球径与管径之比是影响球体所受推力的关键参数,其中球径比还会影响球体在管道内的运动稳定性,搭建了模拟实验管道,验证了仿真结果,得出在管道经济流速内,球径比的最佳范围的关键参数。根据分析结果,设计研制样机并对其进行了立管及弯头通过性的现场测试。(2)针对管道内近场域泄漏声信号特点及提取识别方法问题,利用计算流体/计算气动声学混合仿真的方法,研究了管道内近泄漏声源的近场域声信号的特征,研究了泄漏声源及近声场声信号的频率分布,分析了泄漏噪声在管道内频率特性及传播特性,选取了可体现泄漏特征的频段,得到了不同泄漏量与声信号能量之间的关系。在搭建的模拟泄漏测试平台上验证了利用水听器检测泄漏噪声了可行性,并分析了泄漏噪声在频率上的特性,验证了仿真结果。(3)针对泄漏点精确定位问题,分析了滚动状态下,球形内检测器跟踪定位的特殊矛盾,提出了一种利用电磁地面标记器和MEMS加速度计对泄漏点进行联合定位的方法。分析了旋转电磁发射器发射与接收电磁波的特点,进行了实验室环境的电磁信号接收实验验证,提出了跟踪定位的原理;分析了利用MEMS加速度计在标记点间精确定位的原理,利用研制的样机进行了多次现场实验测试,验证了该定位方法的可行性及精度。给出了整个定位算法流程,进行了误差分析,给出提高定位精度手段。(4)依据上述理论分析,研制样机系统,并分别在2.5km水循环管道上进行了原理可行性测试,以及在130m水循环管道上进行了立管、弯头通过性能测试,最后在一条77km的成品油管道上进行了国内首次现场实验应用,效果良好。
[Abstract]:The long oil and gas pipeline plays an important role in the development of the national economy. At the same time, there are safety accidents. In recent years, with the increase of pipeline operation time, small leakage events caused by corrosion, aging, crack, natural leakage have gradually become the main problem in the field of pipeline safety detection. The pipeline leakage monitoring and positioning system has been successfully applied in more than 15000 kilometers of crude oil and finished oil pipeline, and has achieved great economic and social benefits. However, this technology can only detect sudden leakage and can not help small leakage. The world class problem of micro leakage detection and positioning needs to be solved in the field of pipeline transportation. In this paper, a small leakage detection method for long distance pipeline based on spherical internal detector is proposed. This method not only greatly improves the sensitivity of leakage detection, but also greatly reduces the risk of blocking the internal detector. Around the key problems in the development of the spherical detector, the following four aspects are carried out in this paper: (1) the spherical internal detection is carried out. The safety of the vertical pipe section is a problem of safety, and the fluid dynamics method is used to analyze the force in the most extreme vertical pipe of the pipe, so that it has good passing ability and no blocking. It is pointed out that the velocity in the tube and the ratio of the diameter to the diameter of the pipe are the key parameters affecting the thrust of the sphere, in which the ball diameter is affected. The ratio will also affect the motion stability of the ball in the pipeline. The simulation experimental pipeline is built, and the simulation results are verified. The key parameters of the optimum range of the ball diameter ratio are obtained in the pipeline economic velocity. According to the analysis results, the prototype is designed and developed and the field test of the riser and elbow is carried out. (2) the leakage of the near field in the pipeline is discharged. The characteristics of the sound leakage signal and the extraction and recognition method are studied. The characteristics of the near field acoustic signal of the near leakage source in the pipeline are studied by the method of computational fluid / computational aeroacoustics mixed simulation. The frequency distribution of the leakage source and the sound signal in the near sound field is studied. The frequency characteristics and propagation characteristics of the leakage noise in the pipeline are analyzed, and the selection of the frequency characteristics and the propagation characteristics of the leakage noise is analyzed. The relationship between the leakage characteristics and the acoustic signal energy can be reflected. The feasibility of using the hydrophone to detect the leakage noise is verified on the simulated leakage test platform, and the characteristics of the leakage noise in the frequency are analyzed. The simulation results are verified. (3) the problem of accurate location of the leakage point is analyzed. In the rolling state, the special contradiction of the tracking and positioning of the spherical inner detector is made. A method of combining the electromagnetic ground marker and the MEMS accelerometer to locate the leakage point is proposed. The characteristics of the emitter and receiving electromagnetic wave are analyzed, and the experimental verification of the electromagnetic signal receiving in the laboratory is carried out, and the heel is put forward. The principle of tracking location, the principle of using the MEMS accelerometer to locate accurately between the marking points is analyzed. The feasibility and accuracy of the positioning method are verified by several field experiments using the developed prototype. The whole positioning algorithm flow is given, the error analysis is carried out, and the method of improving the positioning accuracy is given. (4) the theory is divided according to the above theory. The prototype system is developed and the principle feasibility test is carried out on the 2.5km water circulation pipe, and the vertical pipe is carried out on the 130m water circulation pipe. The elbow is tested by the performance test. Finally, the first field experiment is applied on a 77km oil product pipeline, and the effect is good.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.6

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