驱油表面活性剂中间体长链酰基苯的合成工艺研究
发布时间:2018-07-03 05:09
本文选题:长链脂肪酸 + 长链脂肪酰氯 ; 参考:《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:脂肪酸是一类来源丰富、价格低廉的化工原料,利用长链脂肪酸制备长链酰基苯,作为三次采油表面活性剂烷基苯磺酸盐的中间体,对新型表面活性剂的开发和驱油机理的研究具有重大的意义。本文分别以长链脂肪酸:十四酸、十六酸为起始原料,采用氯化亚砜法制备长链脂肪酰氯,考察制备酰氯的影响因素,确定合成工艺:以苯为溶剂采用滴加的方式加入二氯亚砜(SOCl2),分别在40℃和60℃的温度下制备十四酰氯与十六酰氯,反应时间5h,得到产率较高、纯度较好的酰氯中间体产品,并对酰氯产品进行红外谱图表征,产物的红外谱图中有明显的-C-Cl键特征吸收峰。本文采用傅-克(F-C)酰基化反应方法,以酰氯为酰化试剂,无水三氯化铝(AlCl3)作为催化剂,与苯试剂进行反应合成长链酰基苯,考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物原料比对合成的影响,通过合成工艺优化确定最佳反应条件,十四酰基苯:反应温度60℃,反应时间8h,原料酰氯:AlCl3:苯的摩尔比1:1.3:8.4,产率可达85.7%;十六酰基苯:反应温度80℃,反应时间8h,反应物酰氯:AlCl3:苯的摩尔比为1:1.3:8.4,产率可达89.85%。实验结果表明,在优化的反应条件下,合成长链酰基苯的反应重复性好,产率较高。对所合成得酰基苯产品进行熔点测试,十四酰基苯熔程:52.1~52.8℃;十六酰基苯熔程:59.0℃~61.0℃,熔程范围较窄,说明产品纯度较高,红外光谱测定结果表明所合成产品的红外谱图中均出现芳香酮结构典型的特征吸收峰,说明了产品中有酰基苯结构的生成,所合成产物为目标产品。
[Abstract]:Fatty acid is a kind of chemical raw material with abundant source and low price. Long chain acyl benzene is prepared from long chain fatty acid, which is used as intermediate of alkyl benzene sulfonate of tertiary oil recovery surfactant. It is of great significance to develop new surfactants and study the oil displacement mechanism. In this paper, long chain fatty acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid were used as starting materials to prepare long chain aliphatic acyl chloride by sulfoxide method, and the factors affecting the preparation of acyl chloride were investigated. The synthesis process was determined as follows: tetradecyl chloride and hexadecyl chloride were prepared by adding dichloro sulfoxide (SOCl _ 2) in benzene as solvent at 40 鈩,
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