纳米润滑油添加剂的制备与摩擦学性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:53

本文选题：润滑油添加剂 + 纳米Cu_2O　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着车辆发动机及矿山装备传动系统设计的进步和发展,对润滑油的性能提出了越来越高的要求。前期所采用的矿物基润滑油在耐温性、润滑性、抗氧化性等方面已经很难满足使用要求,因此提高润滑油的热稳定性、极压抗磨等方面成为开发润滑油研究的当务之急。随着纳米技术的不断发展和应用,纳米摩擦学领域也得到了深入研究。发现纳米材料具有改善油品耐热性,提高载荷能力、降低摩擦和磨损的效果,并且在摩擦过程中在摩擦表面形成修复膜,降低剪切力应力,具有良好的减摩润滑性能,这为润滑油的发展注入了新的活力。纳米材料作为润滑油添加剂特别适用于条件苛刻的润滑场合,通过降低磨损,改善润滑性能,很大程度上延长机器、零件的使用寿命。从另一个层次上说也节省了资金与能源,在这个能源紧张的时代,无疑是个很好的研究方向。本文通过实验制备氧化亚铜、还原石墨烯、银纳米颗粒以及新型纳米复合材料石墨烯-银。这些纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂不仅能够在磨损表面起到润滑效果,同时具有良好的“自修复”功能。首先,采用化学液相还原方法在水溶液中制备了硬脂酸包覆的Cu_2O纳米颗粒。并利用XRD、TEM、FT-IR对其晶型、形貌、表面官能团进行表征测试。将此纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂均匀地分散到液体石蜡中。其次,通过液相还原法实验合成新型纳米复合材料石墨烯-银。将氧化石墨烯进行超声分散,与带正电的银离子进行物理化学吸附,然后利用还原剂葡萄糖在高温水浴条件下进行液相原位还原。同样利用银镜反应制备了纳米单质银颗粒。以抗坏血酸为还原剂,制备了还原氧化石墨烯。并将制备的三种纳米材料进行油酸改性处理,加入液体石蜡中,制得均匀分散的润滑油。最后,将制得的几种润滑油,进行摩擦学性能的测试。采用MRS-10G杠杆式四球摩擦磨损试验机进行润滑抗磨性能测试,采用MRS-10P四球摩擦试验机进行润滑油极压性能测试。考察在不同的添加剂、载荷、转速等影响因素下的摩擦学性能。最终得出不同润滑条件下的摩擦试验结果。磨斑形貌利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)拍摄。并用电子能谱仪(EDS)分析表面元素。并用光电子能谱仪(XPS)进行磨损表面化合物进行详细分析。通过实验研究表明:(1)经过化学还原法成功制备了Cu_2O、RGO、Ag、RGO-Ag等纳米颗粒,通过XRD、TEM等先进的现代测试手段,对纳米材料进行详细的分析介绍。(2)摩擦学测试结果表明,添加RGO、Ag纳米颗粒后的基础油会分别展现出良好的减磨、抗磨性能。而添加Cu_2O、RGO-Ag纳米颗粒后的基础油会同时展现出优异的减摩与抗磨润滑性能。(3)对于纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的润滑机理进行分析。并对磨损划痕表面进行SEM、XPS等现代分析技术检测。其中,Cu_2O以及Ag颗粒作为无机纳米粉体能够在磨损表面形成修复膜降低磨损消耗。纳米RGO-Ag复合物是由于石墨烯本身的“自润滑”与银单质的“自修复”功能相结合出现的“协同”效果,而产生了更加优异地摩擦学性能。
[Abstract]:With the progress and development of the design of vehicle engine and mine equipment transmission system, the performance of lubricating oil is becoming more and more demanding. The mineral base lubricating oil used in the earlier period has been difficult to meet the requirements of temperature resistance, lubrication and oxidation resistance. Therefore, the thermal stability, extreme pressure and anti-wear of the oil are raised. In order to develop the research of lubricating oil, with the continuous development and application of nanotechnology, the field of nano tribology has been deeply studied. It is found that nanomaterials can improve the heat resistance of oil, improve the load capacity, reduce the effect of friction and wear, and make the repair film on the friction surface in the process of friction, and reduce the shear force. It has good antifriction lubrication performance, which inject new vitality into the development of lubricating oil. As a lubricating oil additive, nanomaterials are especially suitable for harsh conditions of lubrication. By reducing wear and improving lubrication, the life of the machines and parts is extended to a large extent. Money and energy are also saved from the other level. The source, in this era of energy shortage, is undoubtedly a good research direction. In this paper, the experimental preparation of cuprous oxide, reduction of graphene, silver nanoparticles and new nanocomposite graphene silver. These nanoparticles, as lubricating oil additives, not only can lubricate the wear surface, but also have good "self repair". First, the Cu_2O nanoparticles coated with stearic acid were prepared by chemical liquid phase reduction in aqueous solution. The crystalline, morphologies and surface functional groups were characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. The nanoparticles were evenly dispersed into the liquid paraffin as a lubricant additive. Secondly, the liquid phase reduction method was used to experiment with the liquid phase reduction method. A new type of nanocomposite, graphene silver, was used to disperse graphene oxide by ultrasonic dispersion and physical and chemical adsorption with positive silver ions. Then the reductant glucose was used in the liquid phase reduction under the condition of high temperature water bath. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by the silver mirror reaction, and the ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent. The three kinds of nanomaterials were treated with oleic acid, and they were added to the liquid paraffin to produce uniform and dispersed lubricating oil. Finally, the tribological properties of several lubricating oils were tested. The MRS-10G lever type four ball friction and wear test machine was used to test the lubrication and wear resistance, and the MRS-10P four ball was used. The friction test machine is used to test the extreme pressure performance of lubricating oil. The tribological properties of different additives, loads and rotational speeds are investigated. The results of friction test under different lubrication conditions are finally obtained. The morphology of the wear spot is taken using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the analysis of surface elements with electronic energy spectrometer (EDS). The wear surface compounds were analyzed in detail by subspectrometer (XPS). Through the experimental study, the results showed that (1) Cu_2O, RGO, Ag, RGO-Ag and other nanoparticles were successfully prepared by chemical reduction. The nano materials were analyzed in detail through advanced modern testing methods such as XRD and TEM. (2) tribological test results showed that RGO, Ag nanometers were added to the Tribological test. The base oil of the particles will show good wear reduction and wear resistance respectively. While the base oil after adding Cu_2O, RGO-Ag nanoparticles will show excellent antifriction and antiwear lubrication performance. (3) the lubrication mechanism of nano particles as lubricating oil additives is analyzed. The modern analytical techniques such as SEM, XPS and so on are carried out on the scratched surface. The Cu_2O and Ag particles, as inorganic nanoparticles, can form a repair membrane on the worn surface to reduce wear consumption. The nano RGO-Ag complex is a "synergistic" effect that the "self lubrication" of graphene itself combined with the "self repair" function of silver monomer, resulting in a better tribological performance.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE624.82

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