高压电场在润滑油净化中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 11:32

本文选题：高压脉冲电场 + 废润滑油　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的高速发展,我国对润滑油的消费需求也随之快速增长。由于润滑油在使用过程中不可避免地会有水分和其他杂质的掺入,导致润滑油的理化性能下降,成为废润滑油。如果废润滑油处理不当,例如直接丢弃或燃烧,不仅浪费资源,更会严重污染空气、水体和土壤。在润滑油的各类污染物中,乳化水由于其水滴粒径很小,利用常规的离心分离技术很难有效祛除,本论文就在常规离心分离净化润滑油的基础上,使用高压脉冲电场对废润滑油进行预处理,来提高整体的净化脱水效果。为了论证高压脉冲电场破乳的有效性,本论文首先在理论上探究了高压脉冲电场对润滑油净化的影响以及润滑油中的水滴在电场作用下的变化情况。通过研究对比不同类型电场对废润滑油净化效果的影响,选定高压脉冲电场作为静电预处理电场的选型。随后探究了高压脉冲电场参数(电压、频率和占空比)对废润滑油净化脱水的影响规律,发现:随着电场参数的递增,净化效果均先增大后减小,且存在—个最优电场参数值,并在文中分析了该电场的最优参数值。然后,对高压脉冲电场作用下分散相水滴进行动力学分析包括受力情况(静电引力、阻力、重力、浮力以及内外压力)以及受力之后的相应变化包括极化变形、破裂、聚并以及运动迁移规律等。通过搭建实验平台和设计实验流程,验证了高压脉冲电场预处理的有效性,以及电场参数对废润滑油净化效果的影响规律,符合前述理论研究并得到最优电场频率值和最优电压幅值范围。实验平台包括高压脉冲电源、新型静电聚结器室内快速评价装置、GHP80离心真空复合式净油机以及散热装置和普源DS1202CA数字示波器及其高压探头。设计了针对电场频率和电压幅值的单因素变量对比实验以及未施加高压脉冲电源的对照实验。实验介质为50 L46#润滑油与500 ml水的充分混合乳状液,每运行—段时间测量和记录透亮时间、除水量和电压等数据。经过数据分析后得出结论:(1)高压脉冲电场对净化效果的提高非常显著。在最优电场频率下,平均缩短净化时间661.7 min,提高净化效率178.1%;平均增大脱水量81.3 ml,提高净化脱水效果27.7%;(2)频率对净化脱水效果的影响规律是随着频率的增大,先增大后减小且验证存在频率最优值,最优值为1500 Hz,符合理论分析;(3)电压3100 V以下时,随着电压的增大,废润滑油的净化脱水效果也在不断提升。根据理论推断,电压理论上的最优解应该不小于3100 V;(4)在电场频率和电压幅值两个参数中,电场频率对净化脱水效率和效果的影响都大于电压幅值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the consumption demand of lubricating oil in our country also increases rapidly. The physical and chemical properties of the lubricating oil are decreased and become waste lubricating oil due to the inevitable incorporation of moisture and other impurities in the use of the lubricating oil. If the waste lubricating oil is not treated properly, such as directly discarded or burned, it will not only waste resources, but also seriously pollute air, water and soil. Among all kinds of contaminants in lubricating oil, emulsified water is difficult to dispel effectively by using conventional centrifugal separation technology because of its small size of water droplets. This paper is based on the conventional centrifugal separation and purification of lubricating oil. The high-voltage pulse electric field is used to pretreat the waste lubricating oil to improve the overall purification and dehydration effect. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of high voltage pulsed electric field demulsification, the effect of high voltage pulse electric field on lubricating oil purification and the change of water droplets in lubricating oil under the action of electric field were studied in this paper. By studying and comparing the effect of different electric fields on the purification effect of waste lubricating oil, the high voltage pulse electric field was selected as the selection of electrostatic pretreatment electric field. Then, the influence of high voltage pulse electric field parameters (voltage, frequency and duty cycle) on purification and dehydration of waste lubricating oil is studied. It is found that with the increase of electric field parameters, the purification effect increases first and then decreases, and there are several optimal electric field parameters. The optimal parameter value of the electric field is analyzed in this paper. Then, the dynamic analysis of dispersed phase water droplets under the action of high voltage pulse electric field includes the force (electrostatic force, drag force, gravity, buoyancy and internal and external pressure) and the corresponding changes after loading, including polarization deformation, fracture. Gather and merge as well as the law of movement migration and so on. The validity of high-voltage pulsed electric field pretreatment and the influence of electric field parameters on the purification effect of waste lubricating oil are verified by setting up the experimental platform and designing the experimental flow. In accordance with the above theoretical study, the optimal electric field frequency and the optimal voltage amplitude range are obtained. The experimental platform includes a high voltage pulse power supply, a new type of indoor rapid evaluation device for electrostatic coalescence, a centrifugal vacuum compound oil purifier with GHP80, a heat dissipation device, a digital oscilloscope with universal DS1202CA and a high voltage probe. The contrast experiment of single factor variable for electric field frequency and voltage amplitude and control experiment without applying high voltage pulse power supply are designed. The experimental medium is a fully mixed emulsion of 50L46# lubricating oil and 500ml water. The data of brightness time, water removal and voltage are measured and recorded during each running period. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the purification effect of high voltage pulse electric field is very significant. Under the optimum electric field frequency, the average purification time is shortened by 661.7 minutes, and the purification efficiency is improved by 178.1; the average amount of dehydration is increased by 81.3 ml, and the purification effect is increased by 27.7ml; (2) the effect of frequency on the purification and dehydration effect increases with the increase of frequency. The optimal value of frequency is 1500 Hz, which accords with the theoretical analysis. (3) when the voltage is below 3100 V, the purification and dehydration effect of waste lubricating oil increases with the increase of voltage. It is inferred from the theory that the optimal solution of voltage in theory should not be less than 3100 V. (4) in the two parameters of electric field frequency and voltage amplitude, the effect of electric field frequency on purification dehydration efficiency and effect is greater than that of voltage amplitude.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE626.3

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