泡沫流体水力计算方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 19:39

本文选题：泡沫流体 + 流变性　；参考：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,泡沫流体已广泛的应用于石油工业中,而且显示出了非常大的应用潜力。本文以泡沫流体在石油工程中的应用为背景,对泡沫流体的概念、流变性质、流变模型以及摩阻系数等特性进行了较为系统的研究,这些都是进行泡沫流体水力参数计算、指导实际作业的理论基础。泡沫流体是一种气-液分散体系,其密度低,重量小,压力很小；泡沫流体有一定的粘度,能够连续流动,因此可携带水、油和砂石。正是由于泡沫流体的这些特点,泡沫流体技术在石油和天然气开发工程应用中发展得非常快。可是关于泡沫流体水力计算的基础理论研究工作却相对较少,出现了理论研究严重滞后于工艺发展的现象。在泡沫流体工艺作业中,主要都是依靠经验来控制一些关键性的工艺参数,如注入压力、流动时密度、粘度、速度等,缺少理论上的支撑。研究泡沫流体的水力计算方法,了解泡沫流体流变性能,通过选择合适的流变模型从而对压力等泡沫流体流动参数等进行准确的计算分析与预测,最终能够指导与规范泡沫流体工艺现场操作。泡沫流体作为非牛顿气液两相流,在井筒流动过程中,由于气相的可压缩性,气相密度会随着压力的变化而变化,从而改变了整个泡沫流体的密度,引起流速的变化,反过来影响了压力的分布。因此,水力计算模型需同时求解连续性方程和动量方程。另外,由于井筒温度的变化会影响到泡沫密度及泡沫粘度,那么就需要引入能量方程,最后建立一个封闭的方程组,得到了泡沫流体水力计算的数学模型。该模型可以应用于泡沫流体工艺应用中井口参数的调节与设计。最后编制了相应的泡沫流体水力计算设计程序软件,给出了相应的算例,并通过计算结果分析,得到了油管与环空管中压力分布情况以及泡沫流体在油管和环空管中流动时参数(泡沫流体密度、干度、流量和粘度等)的变化情况。同时,当泡沫流体注入井筒中进行作业时,通过选择了两种不同的流变模型：宾汉姆模型和幂律模型,对流动参数变化异同进行了对比分析,得出了相应的结论。论文的结论对于泡沫流体水力计算来说,不仅可以为泡沫流体流变模型的选择提供理论上的参考依据,而且还对指导泡沫流体现场应用有着重要的意义。
[Abstract]:At present, foam fluid has been widely used in the petroleum industry and has shown great potential application. This paper, based on the application of foam fluid in petroleum engineering, systematically studies the concept, rheological properties, rheological model and friction coefficient of foam fluid, all of which are foam fluid water. The foam fluid is a gas liquid dispersion system with low density, small weight, and small pressure; foam fluid has a certain viscosity and can flow continuously, so it can carry water, oil and sand. It is because of these characteristics of foam fluid that foam fluid technology is developed in oil and gas development workers. However, the basic theoretical research on the hydraulic calculation of foam fluid is relatively small, but the theoretical research is seriously lagging behind the process development. In the process of foam fluid process, some key technological parameters are controlled mainly by experience, such as injection pressure, flow time density, viscosity. The hydraulic calculation method of foam fluid is studied, the rheological property of foam fluid is understood, and the flow parameters of foam fluid such as pressure are accurately calculated and predicted by selecting suitable rheology model, and finally can guide and standardize the field operation of foam fluid process. For the non Newtonian gas-liquid two-phase flow, the gas phase density changes with the pressure change during the flow of the wellbore, which changes the density of the whole foam fluid and causes the change of the flow velocity, which in turn affects the distribution of the pressure. Therefore, the hydraulic calculation model needs to solve the continuity equation and the momentum equation at the same time. In addition, because the change of the wellbore temperature will affect the foam density and the foam viscosity, then we need to introduce the energy equation, and finally establish a closed equation group, and get the mathematical model of the hydraulic calculation of foam fluid. This model can be applied to the adjustment and design of the wellhead parameters in the application of foam fluid technology. Finally, the corresponding model is developed. The software of hydraulic calculation design program for foam fluid is used, and the corresponding calculation example is given. Through the analysis of the calculation results, the pressure distribution in the tubing and the annular tube and the change of the foam fluid in the tubing and the annular tube are obtained. By selecting two different rheological models, Bingham model and power law model, the variation and similarities of flow parameters are compared and analyzed, and the corresponding conclusions are obtained. The conclusion of this paper can not only provide theoretical reference for the selection of foam fluid rheological model. It also has important significance in guiding the field application of foam fluid.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE39

【参考文献】