弱层理剪切诱导缝网裂缝的形成与扩展机理研究
[Abstract]:Shale gas is an important unconventional oil and gas resource in order to achieve natural gas production replacement. Only through volume fracturing to form fracture network fracture can economic and effective development be realized. Based on the characteristics of the development of weak bedding in shale reservoir, it is of great significance to realize the efficient development of shale reservoir from the action mechanism of shear slip of weak bedding on hydraulic fracture, and to reveal the law of fracture extension. In this paper, based on the equilibrium equation of porous media and the continuity equation of fluid flow, the fluid-solid coupling mathematical model of reservoir is established, and the finite element equations for solving nodal displacement and pore pressure are derived. The criterion of crack initiation and the criterion of inducing weak bedding propagation in rock are analyzed. The cohesive element used to describe weak bedding is described, and a mathematical model for analyzing the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation is formed. Secondly, a model I crack propagation test bench with lateral confining pressure is built. The digital speckle correlation method is used to capture the change of speckle field on the surface of the specimen by using a high-speed camera. The variation of surface displacement field and strain field during crack propagation through weak bedding is obtained. The variation law of stress intensity factor at crack tip is obtained by displacement extrapolation method, and the main controlling mechanism of mode I crack bend propagation is found. Thirdly, a mechanical model of the intersection and propagation of hydraulic fractures and weak bedding is established, and the second-order damage Zhang Liang is used to describe the irregular distribution of weak bedding in the formation by means of numerical simulation. A 2-D fracture mesh fracture model with coupling of bedrock hydraulic fracture and weak bedding is established. The fracture initiation and propagation are simulated by traction-separation criterion of stiffness degradation. A numerical simulation method of fracture network fracture in shale reservoir is proposed. The rationality of the numerical simulation method is verified by field wells. Fourthly, by using the numerical simulation method, it is found that after the intersection of hydraulic fracture and weak bedding, shearing failure of weak bedding occurs under the joint action of passivation at the tip of hydraulic fracture and far field ground stress, and branch fracture is formed. Considering the contribution of various factors to shear failure and the influence of fracture propagation speed, the smaller the horizontal principal stress difference, the greater the injection flow rate, the greater the elastic modulus of reservoir rock and the proper fracturing fluid viscosity. It can effectively activate weak bedding to form fracture net fracture and obtain larger fracturing area. Based on the characteristics of weak bedding development in unconventional shale reservoir, this paper reveals the formation mechanism of fracture pattern induced by shear slip of weak bedding, and obtains the influence of various factors on fracture extension morphology. It can provide technical support for fracturing operation design of unconventional reservoir and improve fracturing effect.
【学位授予单位】:东北石油大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TE377
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