基于数控系统的游梁式抽油机辅助平衡研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 12:31

【摘要】：抽油机作为机械采油的主要设备之一,已为油田服务了近百余年。虽然新型抽油机不断出现,新的采油装备及技术不断更新,但游梁式抽油机以其结构简单,操作方便等诸多优点,至今仍是目前我国机械采油设备中的主力军。但长期以来,游梁式抽油机能耗大这一突出问题并未得到有效解决,尤其是近期国际原油价格下跌,严重影响了石油企业的生产利润,迫使企业不得不更加重视生产成本,以更为经济有效的手段进行石油开采活动,其中,最重要的一点便是解决抽油机的高降耗问题。影响抽油机能耗的因素有很多,其中最主要的原因就是抽油机不平衡,即抽油机平衡配重块所产生的平衡扭矩不足以完全匹配负载扭矩,这与复杂的井下工况有关,也受抽油机四杆机构的结构特点影响。井下工况尚无有效措施解决,但通过增加辅助机械装置改善抽油机平衡效果是可行的,这对机械装置需要实时、准确应对复杂多变的井下工况提出了较高要求。现有的抽油机平衡调整是通过采集抽油机数据之后,然后根据经验公式或其它计算方法采取调整措施,不仅测试方法准确性不够,操作难度大、平衡效果难以保证,而且不能适应变化的井下工况,需要定期对抽油机进行检测调整,费时费力。而通过变频技术、控制器等技术实现的节能改造,大多存在自动化程度低、可靠性差、改造费用大等不足,无法得到推广和应用。随着科技的进步,国内数控技术快速发展,为提高我国机械产品的创新能力和工作效率,国家在“十二五”期间组织在各工业领域推广数控技术,即“数控一代”工程,为我国实现石油装备的转型升级提供了机会。在此背景下,本课题针对现有游梁式抽油机平衡调整难的问题,设计出一套游梁式抽油机辅助平衡控制系统,该系统能自动定时分析抽油机的平衡状态,自动调节抽油机的平衡装置,无需人为现场操作。本文的创新点在于：首次将技术相对成熟的华中数控系统应用于抽油机的平衡调节,运用其强大的运动控制功能可同时控制多台抽油机的辅助平衡装置,并实现设备的远程监控与管理。该辅助平衡控制系统能有效解决抽油机需要人工定期调整的难题,不仅调整精度高,平衡效果好,而且“一对多”的控制模式能大大降低抽油机的改造成本。本课题围绕游梁式抽油机的自动精确调平衡这一宗旨展开研究,对游梁式抽油机基本理论进行了分析,包括抽油机的结构组成、工作原理、四杆机构特点、悬点运动规律以及悬点载荷等。在此基础上,结合三大平衡准则,对抽油机辅助平衡的调整计算公式进行了严格详细的理论推导,并利用VB语言,运用计算机强大的数学处理能力完成了抽油机平衡计算软件的编写。结合计算公式,本文探讨了两种辅助平衡方式实现的难易程度,确定游梁辅助平衡方式的最佳方案,并以此进行控制系统的软硬件设计,采用上位机的方式,以华中HNC-808M系列数控系统为控制核心, HSV-160U系列伺服驱动器以及伺服电机为基本设备,搭建辅助平衡控制系统软硬件平台。并在VC环境下,借助数控装置的二次开发功能设计了上位机软件,实现控制系统的远程操作与管理。系统在实验室抽油机上完成了整体调试与试验,对比分析实验室数据,试验结果与理论相符,显示出了较好的平衡效果,证实了该油机辅助平衡控制系统方案的可行性。尽管试验环境和条件不如现场复杂,但对现场实际应用有一定的参考价值和指导意义。
[Abstract]:As one of the main equipment of mechanical oil extraction, the pumping unit has been serving the oil field for more than one hundred years. Although the new type of pumping unit is constantly appearing, the new oil extraction equipment and technology are constantly updated, the beam pumping unit is still the main force in the machinery oil production equipment in our country, but it is still the main force in the machinery oil production equipment in our country. The outstanding problem of the big energy consumption of the beam pumping unit has not been effectively solved, especially the decline of the international crude oil price in the near future, which has seriously affected the production profit of the oil enterprises, forced the enterprises to pay more attention to the production cost, and carried out the oil mining activities with more economical and effective means, the most important one is to solve the oil pumping. There are many factors affecting the energy consumption of the pumping unit, the most important reason is the imbalance of the pumping unit, that is, the balance torque produced by the balance weight block of the pumping unit is not enough to match the load torque completely, which is related to the complicated downhole working conditions and the structural characteristics of the four rod mechanism of the pumping unit. The downhole working condition is not yet available. The effective measures are solved, but it is feasible to improve the balance effect of the pumping unit by adding auxiliary machinery. This is a high requirement for the mechanical device to meet the complex and changeable downhole conditions. The current balance adjustment of the pumping unit is by collecting the data of the pumping unit, and then according to the empirical formula or other calculation methods. Taking the adjustment measures, not only the testing method is not accurate enough, the operation is difficult, the balance effect is difficult to guarantee, and it can't adapt to the changing downhole condition, it needs regular inspection and adjustment to the oil pumping unit, and it is time-consuming and laborious. With the development of science and technology and the rapid development of numerical control technology in China, in order to improve the innovation ability and efficiency of our mechanical products, the state popularized numerical control technology in various industrial fields during the "12th Five-Year", that is, the "numerical control generation" project, for the transformation of petroleum equipment in China. In this context, in this context, a set of auxiliary balance control system for the beam pumping unit is designed to solve the difficult problem of balance adjustment of the existing beam pumping units. This system can automatically analyze the balance state of the pumping unit automatically and automatically adjust the balance installation of the pumping unit without human operation. The innovation point of this paper is the innovation point of this paper. The central China CNC system, which is relatively mature, is applied to the balance adjustment of the pumping unit for the first time. Using its powerful motion control function, the auxiliary balancing device of multiple pumping units can be controlled simultaneously, and the remote monitoring and management of the equipment can be realized. The auxiliary balance control system can effectively solve the difficult problem of the regular adjustment of the pumping unit. Not only is the adjustment precision is high, the balance effect is good, but the "one to many" control mode can greatly reduce the transformation cost of the pumping unit. This subject focuses on the aim of the automatic and accurate balance of the beam pumping unit, and analyzes the basic theory of the beam pumping unit, including the structure, the working principle and the four bar machine. On the basis of the three balance criteria, the formula of the auxiliary balance adjustment calculation formula of the pumping unit is strictly detailed, and the software of the balance calculation of the pumping unit is completed by using the VB language and the powerful mathematical processing ability of the computer. The formula is combined with the calculation formula. In this paper, the difficulty of realizing the two kinds of auxiliary balance methods is discussed, the best scheme to determine the auxiliary balance mode of the beam is determined, and the software and hardware of the control system are designed. The upper computer is used in the control system, and the central China HNC-808M series CNC system is used as the control core, the HSV-160U series servo drive and the servo motor are the basic equipment. The software and hardware platform of the auxiliary balance control system is used. In the environment of VC, the upper computer software is designed with the help of the two development functions of the numerical control device to realize the remote operation and management of the control system. The system has completed the overall debugging and test on the laboratory pumping unit, and compared the laboratory data. The experimental results are in agreement with the theory, showing the comparison of the experimental results. The good balance effect proves the feasibility of the scheme of the auxiliary balance control system of the oil machine. Although the test environment and conditions are not as complicated as the field, it has some reference value and guiding significance for the practical application.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE933.1

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