基于电磁超声与脉冲涡流的管道内检测技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-08 13:42
【摘要】：油气管道安全运输意义重大,通常采用压电超声方法检测管道腐蚀。但压电超声技术需要涂抹耦合剂,不适用于天然气管道等环境。电磁超声检测技术无需耦合剂,且检测效率高、具有较强环境适应性。然而,电磁超声换能器(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer,EMAT)线圈部分的参数设计过程大多依赖于工程经验,线宽、线间距等参数设计缺乏理论支撑;同时,电磁超声技术无法检测管道内壁表面腐蚀缺陷。针对以上不足,本文开展了基于电磁超声与脉冲涡流的管道内检测技术研究。针对EMAT有限元建模方法对线圈参数设计存在偏差的问题,提出基于发射电路仿真、EMAT有限元仿真及接收电路仿真的全模型建模方法。通过分析EMAT换能机理,并分别研究发射过程中电路参数对激励电流、接收过程中电路参数对回波电压的影响,设计了全模型建模仿真总体方案,提高了EMAT仿真的准确性。针对长距离管道内检测过程中垂直磁场EMAT易受磨损的问题,设计了基于全模型仿真设计方法的水平磁场EMAT。通过全模型仿真得到线圈线宽、线间距参数对检测性能的影响关系,设计了EMAT线圈;通过测定不同磁场强度下EMAT回波幅值的变化规律,设计了EMAT水平磁场。搭建实验测试平台,验证了全模型仿真方法及EMAT设计结果的正确性。针对电磁超声技术无法检测管道内壁表面缺陷的问题,利用EMAT自身激发的脉冲涡流对表面缺陷进行检测。通过分析脉冲涡流检测原理,建立了脉冲涡流有限元模型,对其检测可行性进行仿真研究,并得到了不同缺陷尺寸下的涡流信号特征。利用实验平台及设计的EMAT线圈激发脉冲涡流,对所建立的有限元模型进行了验证。针对EMAT及脉冲涡流对管道的检测需求,设计了电磁超声与脉冲涡流复合检测系统。通过实验测试了系统对管道减薄及表面腐蚀缺陷的检测能力,测试结果表明,系统对大面积减薄腐蚀的检测误差不超过±0.2mm,并可以检测最小尺寸为0.5mm的管道表面裂纹腐蚀。系统检测性能良好,满足电磁超声与脉冲涡流的复合检测需求。本文研究基于电磁超声与脉冲涡流的管道内检测方法,为管道腐蚀检测实用化奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:The safe transportation of oil and gas pipelines is of great significance. Piezoelectric ultrasonic method is usually used to detect pipeline corrosion. However, piezoelectric ultrasonic technology needs to smear coupling agent, not suitable for natural gas pipelines and other environments. Electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology does not need coupling agent, and has high detection efficiency and strong environmental adaptability. However, the design process of electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer EMAT) coils mostly depends on engineering experience, line width, line spacing and other parameters design lack of theoretical support, at the same time, electromagnetic ultrasonic technology can not detect the corrosion defects on the inner wall of pipeline. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the inner-pipe detection technology based on electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulse eddy current. Aiming at the problem that EMAT finite element modeling method deviates from the design of coil parameters, a full-model modeling method based on emitter circuit simulation and receive circuit simulation is proposed. By analyzing the mechanism of EMAT energy transfer and studying the effect of circuit parameters on the excitation current during the emission process and the echo voltage during the receiving process, the overall scheme of modeling and simulation of the whole model is designed to improve the accuracy of the EMAT simulation. Aiming at the problem that the vertical magnetic field (EMAT) is easy to be worn in the long distance pipeline testing process, the horizontal magnetic field Ematt based on the full-model simulation design method is designed. The influence of coil width and line spacing parameters on the detection performance is obtained by full-model simulation, and the EMAT coil is designed, and the horizontal magnetic field of EMAT is designed by measuring the variation rule of EMAT echo amplitude under different magnetic field intensity. The experimental test platform is built to verify the correctness of the whole model simulation method and EMAT design results. Aiming at the problem that the electromagnetic ultrasonic technology can not detect the surface defects of the inner wall of the pipeline, the surface defects are detected by the pulsed eddy current excited by EMAT itself. By analyzing the principle of pulsed eddy current testing, the finite element model of pulse eddy current is established, and the feasibility of testing is studied by simulation, and the characteristics of eddy current signal with different defect sizes are obtained. The finite element model is verified by using the experimental platform and the designed EMAT coil to excite the pulsed eddy current. According to the demand of EMAT and pulse eddy current for pipeline detection, the electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulse eddy current compound detection system is designed. The detection ability of the system for pipeline thinning and surface corrosion defects is tested by experiments. The test results show that the detection error of the system for large area thinning corrosion is not more than 卤0.2 mm, and it can detect the surface crack corrosion of the pipeline with the minimum size of 0.5mm. The system has good testing performance and meets the needs of electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulsed eddy current. In this paper, the method of pipeline inner detection based on electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulsed eddy current is studied, which lays a foundation for the practical application of pipeline corrosion detection.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE973.6
[Abstract]:The safe transportation of oil and gas pipelines is of great significance. Piezoelectric ultrasonic method is usually used to detect pipeline corrosion. However, piezoelectric ultrasonic technology needs to smear coupling agent, not suitable for natural gas pipelines and other environments. Electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology does not need coupling agent, and has high detection efficiency and strong environmental adaptability. However, the design process of electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer EMAT) coils mostly depends on engineering experience, line width, line spacing and other parameters design lack of theoretical support, at the same time, electromagnetic ultrasonic technology can not detect the corrosion defects on the inner wall of pipeline. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the inner-pipe detection technology based on electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulse eddy current. Aiming at the problem that EMAT finite element modeling method deviates from the design of coil parameters, a full-model modeling method based on emitter circuit simulation and receive circuit simulation is proposed. By analyzing the mechanism of EMAT energy transfer and studying the effect of circuit parameters on the excitation current during the emission process and the echo voltage during the receiving process, the overall scheme of modeling and simulation of the whole model is designed to improve the accuracy of the EMAT simulation. Aiming at the problem that the vertical magnetic field (EMAT) is easy to be worn in the long distance pipeline testing process, the horizontal magnetic field Ematt based on the full-model simulation design method is designed. The influence of coil width and line spacing parameters on the detection performance is obtained by full-model simulation, and the EMAT coil is designed, and the horizontal magnetic field of EMAT is designed by measuring the variation rule of EMAT echo amplitude under different magnetic field intensity. The experimental test platform is built to verify the correctness of the whole model simulation method and EMAT design results. Aiming at the problem that the electromagnetic ultrasonic technology can not detect the surface defects of the inner wall of the pipeline, the surface defects are detected by the pulsed eddy current excited by EMAT itself. By analyzing the principle of pulsed eddy current testing, the finite element model of pulse eddy current is established, and the feasibility of testing is studied by simulation, and the characteristics of eddy current signal with different defect sizes are obtained. The finite element model is verified by using the experimental platform and the designed EMAT coil to excite the pulsed eddy current. According to the demand of EMAT and pulse eddy current for pipeline detection, the electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulse eddy current compound detection system is designed. The detection ability of the system for pipeline thinning and surface corrosion defects is tested by experiments. The test results show that the detection error of the system for large area thinning corrosion is not more than 卤0.2 mm, and it can detect the surface crack corrosion of the pipeline with the minimum size of 0.5mm. The system has good testing performance and meets the needs of electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulsed eddy current. In this paper, the method of pipeline inner detection based on electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulsed eddy current is studied, which lays a foundation for the practical application of pipeline corrosion detection.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE973.6
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