油气井智能多级选发射孔系统的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 19:30

【摘要】：随着各油田的主力厚油层的产能下降，为维持产能，开始对薄差油层的油藏进行开采，在钻井开采时，由于其井下储层多且各储层间距大，需要分别对每个储层进行射孔，因而提出了多级射孔作业的需求。射孔过程中的井下的压力变化是用于评判射孔效果的关键指标，目前的井下压力测试仪器多为封闭的存储式测量，其压力数据获取的滞后性已使得其无法满足多元化智能射孔的施工需求，本文对油井智能多级选发射孔技术展开讨论研究，设计了油井智能多级选发射孔系统，将多级射孔技术与井下压力获取技术进行结合，将单芯测井电缆作为供电、控制及数据传输的载体，使射孔完井工艺更为便捷、高效，实现了射孔工艺的智能化。在对油井智能多级选发射孔系统的设计过程中主要做了以下几个方面的工作： (1)了解油田生产工作中的实际需求，然后通过对射孔、压力采集、电缆通信三个方面的国内外技术发展情况进行分析以确定系统整体设计方案； (2)对长距离单芯电缆建立双线传输模型，通过软件仿真其频率响应特性，并设计电缆模拟器进行验证，，选定通信方案； (3)根据通信方案设计遥传短节单元，并详细讨论了其设计思路及工作原理； (4)分析冲击片雷管及磁电雷管起爆条件设计雷管起爆器，并对其耐高温及抗冲击特性进行针对性设计； (5)对系统的兼容特性进行研究，解决了其电磁兼容及供电电压兼容方面的问题;
[Abstract]:As the productivity of the main thick reservoir in each oilfield decreases, in order to maintain the productivity, the reservoir of thin and differential reservoir is developed. When drilling and producing, it is necessary to perforate each reservoir because of the large underground reservoir and the large interval between the reservoirs. Therefore, the requirement of multistage perforation is put forward. The change of downhole pressure during perforation is the key index to evaluate the perforation effect. The lag of pressure data acquisition has made it unable to meet the requirements of diversified intelligent perforation. This paper discusses and studies the technology of intelligent multi-stage perforation in oil wells, and designs the intelligent multi-stage perforating hole selection system for oil wells. The multistage perforation technology is combined with the downhole pressure acquisition technology, and the single core logging cable is used as the carrier of power supply, control and data transmission, which makes the perforation completion process more convenient and efficient, and realizes the intellectualization of perforation technology. In the process of designing intelligent multi-stage perforation system of oil well, the following aspects are mainly done: (1) to understand the actual requirements of oilfield production, and then through perforation, pressure acquisition, The development of three aspects of cable communication technology at home and abroad is analyzed to determine the overall design of the system. (2) to establish a two-wire transmission model for long distance single-core cable, and to simulate its frequency response characteristics by software. The cable simulator is designed to verify, and the communication scheme is selected. (3) according to the communication scheme, the remote transmission section unit is designed, and its design idea and working principle are discussed in detail. (4) the design of detonator for shock flaser and magnetoelectric detonator is analyzed, and the characteristics of high temperature resistance and shock resistance are designed. (5) the compatible characteristics of the system are studied. The problems of electromagnetic compatibility and power supply voltage compatibility are solved.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE925.3

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