射吸式液动冲击器的优化设计

发布时间：2018-08-26 21:23

【摘要】：在钻井过程中,钻进速度对钻井周期的缩短有着决定性的作用。应用射吸式液动冲击器能够实现冲击回转钻进,这种钻进方式能够大幅提高钻进速度,缩短打井时间,减少资金的投入。射吸式液动冲击器能将钻井液的压力能转化为机械能,在钻头的静压、回转切削和垂直冲击动载三者的共同作用下,实现快速高效破岩。本文主要研究工作如下:根据液动冲击器工作原理对其进行分类,总结了不同种类液动冲击器的优缺点,并对应用相对较少的扭力冲击器做了简单分析。分析本冲击器工作过程,以活塞冲锤为主要研究对象建立动力学方程,推导出运动方程和位移方程,找到各个参数之间的关系。介绍室内试验的设备和过程。射吸式液动冲击器在冲程末端时流道通畅并形成压差(下腔压力大于上腔压力)。用Pro/E软件建立冲程末端时的流道实体模型,用Gambit进行网格划分,导入到Fluent软件中分析。用单一变量法,分别改变喷嘴内径、节流环内径和流量来研究压差的变化规律,得到结论:较小内径的喷嘴和节流环、较大的流量可以形成更大的压差。对母线为二次曲线和三次曲线的喷嘴在上腔所形成的流场进行分析。对二次母线喷嘴,参数θ取相对较小值时,上腔流场压力更低些;对三次母线喷嘴,喷嘴D(θ=30°)在阀上端和活塞上端的静压力最低。以上分析研究有利于提高本冲击器性能。
[Abstract]:In drilling process, drilling speed plays a decisive role in shortening drilling cycle. Rotary percussive drilling can be realized by using suction hydraulic impactor, which can greatly improve the drilling speed, shorten the drilling time and reduce the investment of funds. The injection-suction hydraulic impactor can transform the pressure energy of drilling fluid into mechanical energy. Under the combined action of static pressure of drill bit, rotary cutting and vertical impact dynamic load, rapid and efficient rock breaking can be realized. The main research work of this paper is as follows: according to the working principle of hydraulic impactor, the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of hydraulic impactor are summarized, and the relatively few torsion impactors are simply analyzed. Based on the analysis of the working process of the impactor, the dynamic equation is established with the piston hammer as the main object of study, and the equations of motion and displacement are derived, and the relations among the parameters are found. The equipment and process of indoor test are introduced. At the end of stroke, the suction hydraulic impactor opens the channel and forms the pressure difference (the lower cavity pressure is greater than the upper cavity pressure). Pro/E software is used to set up the flow channel solid model at the end of stroke, and Gambit is used to mesh and import it into Fluent software for analysis. The variation law of pressure difference is studied by changing nozzle diameter, throttle ring diameter and flow rate by single variable method. It is concluded that the larger flow rate of nozzle and throttle ring with smaller inner diameter can form greater pressure difference. The flow field of the nozzle with conic and cubic curves in the upper cavity is analyzed. For the secondary busbar nozzle, the pressure of the upper cavity flow field is lower when the parameter 胃 is relatively small, and the static pressure of the nozzle D (胃 ~ (30 掳) is the lowest at the upper end of the valve and the upper end of the piston. The above analysis and research is helpful to improve the performance of the impactor.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921.2

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