常减压蒸馏装置腐蚀与防护研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 11:38

【摘要】：在整个炼油化工装置中,常减压蒸馏是原油加工的第一道工序,常减压装置的安全平稳运行直接关系着整个炼油厂的生产效益。随着原油酸值的升高,我国常减压设备的腐蚀越来越严重,腐蚀对设备的安全运行及使用寿命带来极大的危害,经常出现腐蚀泄漏,严重威胁着装置的正常生产。本文针对目前国内原油加工常减压装置的生产运行现状和存在的突出问题,结合国内外研究工作和生产实际开展了腐蚀机理、腐蚀案例分析、高温缓蚀剂优选、工艺防腐及材料防腐等方面的研究工作,为提高我国常减压蒸馏装置设备可靠性提供了理论基础和新的经验方法。本论文的主要研究工作有:(1)通过广泛查阅、检索国内外常减压装置腐蚀与防护、设备可靠性、腐蚀监测等相关资料,深入调研、分析了我国常减压装置的使用情况,找出了常减压装置存在的主要问题,为开展常减压装置腐蚀与防护研究奠定了基础。(2)根据常减压装置的工作环境和工艺流程,分析了常减压装置的腐蚀类型,并开展了常减压低温轻油部位HCl-H2S-O2-H2O的腐蚀机理,高温硫腐蚀机理、环烷酸腐蚀机理及硫和环烷酸的综合腐蚀机理研究。(3)通过常减压低温轻油部位和高温硫和环烷酸腐蚀机理研究,结合常减压蒸馏装置设备腐蚀案例分析,找到了影响常减压装置材质腐蚀的主要因素和易腐蚀部位。(4)通过对比,工业试验,优选发现MLH-Ⅱ高温缓蚀剂对原油的环烷酸腐蚀具有良好的抑制性,可以降低馏分油中的酸值,有效减缓常减压装置高温重油部位的腐蚀。(5)针对常减压蒸馏装置,总结提出了低温部位选材、高温硫与环烷酸腐蚀部位选材原则。通过本文的研究工作可以全面系统地认识到常减压装置腐蚀机理及失效形式,进行的案例分析和防护措施研究,为解决常减压装置目前存在的腐蚀问题提供了新的理论和途径,对提高常减压装置设备寿命,确保炼化企业的安全生产,提高炼化企业的经济效益具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:In the whole refinery and chemical plant, atmospheric and vacuum distillation is the first process of crude oil processing, and the safe and stable operation of the atmospheric and vacuum unit is directly related to the production efficiency of the whole refinery. With the increase of acid value of crude oil, the corrosion of atmospheric and vacuum equipment in China is becoming more and more serious. Corrosion brings great harm to the safe operation and service life of the equipment, and often occurs corrosion leakage, which seriously threatens the normal production of the equipment. In this paper, in view of the present production and operation situation of crude oil processing atmospheric and vacuum unit and its outstanding problems, combined with domestic and international research work and production practice, the corrosion mechanism, corrosion case analysis and high temperature corrosion inhibitor selection are carried out. The research on process anticorrosion and material anticorrosion provides a theoretical basis and a new empirical method for improving the reliability of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units in China. The main research work of this thesis is as follows: (1) through extensive reference, searching the relevant data of corrosion and protection, equipment reliability, corrosion monitoring and so on at home and abroad, analyzing the usage of atmospheric and vacuum equipment in China. The main problems of atmospheric and vacuum equipment are found out, which lays a foundation for the research on corrosion and protection of atmospheric and vacuum equipment. (2) according to the working environment and technological process of atmospheric and vacuum device, the corrosion type of atmospheric and vacuum device is analyzed. The corrosion mechanism of HCl-H2S-O2-H2O, high temperature sulfur corrosion mechanism, naphthenic acid corrosion mechanism and the comprehensive corrosion mechanism of sulfur and naphthenic acid were studied. (3) the corrosion mechanism of atmospheric and low temperature light oil and high temperature sulfur and naphthenic acid were studied. Combined with the corrosion case analysis of atmospheric and vacuum distillation equipment, the main factors affecting material corrosion of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit and the corrosion prone position are found. (4) through comparison, industrial test, It is found that MLH- 鈪，

本文编号：2221982