大型原油罐区消防应急能力评估
发布时间：2018-09-07 19:25
【摘要】：大型原油罐区是石化企业储存原料的重要设施,其安全稳定运行是企业正常生产的关键环节。由于原料易燃易爆性、人员操作失误和环境因素等影响,罐区火灾爆炸事故时有发生,造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。基于对罐区火灾风险的认识和惨痛的事故教训,加强罐区消防应急管理和预防工作日益重要。要达成这一目标,急需建立一套大型原油罐区消防应急能力评估体系,明确企业消防应急系统抵御风险的能力和自身薄弱环节,提高罐区消防应急能力,方能有效应对事故,降低事故损失。在调研国内外罐区重大火灾爆炸事故扑救情况、罐区防火设施、消防系统设计、消防应急管理和事故应急救援五个方面的内容的基础上,从人、机、物、环、管五个方面构建了罐区火灾事故全过程风险防范体系,结合保护层分析法思想剖析了罐区火灾事故保护层失效的过程。基于以上分析和应急能力评价理论,完成了指标的选取,建立起一套基于LOPA的大型原油罐区消防应急能力评价体系:由4个一级指标、15个二级指标和58个三级指标组成;运用层次分析法较客观地给出了各层级指标的权重值;最后利用模糊综合评价方法构建了消防应急能力综合评估模型。根据评估体系的具体内容,将评估步骤集成,开发出一款大型原油罐区消防应急能力评估软件,具有简便易操作的特点,方便企业实时运用和定期评估。利用此模型成功完成对国内某石化公司罐区消防应急能力的评估,结果表明,本文建立的评估模型应用于评估大型原油罐区消防应急能力是可行的。通过加权计算后得出了各层级指标的评估结果,反映出指标对应应急设施设计或管理工作现状。通过评估结果分析找出了消防应急系统的短板,并给出了完善建议,对于加强罐区消防应急管理工作建设、降低事故损失、提高罐区消防系统应对事故能力具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Large crude oil tank area is an important facility for petrochemical enterprises to store raw materials, and its safe and stable operation is the key link of normal production. Because of the combustible and explosive properties of raw materials, personnel misoperation and environmental factors, fire and explosion accidents occur from time to time in the tank area, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. Based on the understanding of the fire risk and the tragic accident lessons, it is increasingly important to strengthen the fire emergency management and prevention work in the tank area. In order to achieve this goal, it is urgent to establish a set of evaluation system of fire emergency capability in large crude oil tank area, to make clear the ability of enterprise fire emergency system to resist risks and its own weak links, and to improve the ability of fire emergency in tank area so as to effectively deal with accidents. Reduce accident losses. On the basis of investigating and investigating the situation of major fire and explosion accidents in tank areas at home and abroad, fire prevention facilities, fire control system design, fire emergency management and accident emergency rescue at home and abroad, from people, machines, objects, rings, The risk prevention system in the whole process of tank fire accident is constructed from five aspects of pipe, and the failure process of protective layer in tank area fire accident is analyzed in combination with the idea of protective layer analysis. Based on the above analysis and the theory of emergency capability evaluation, the selection of indexes is completed, and a set of evaluation system of fire emergency capability of large crude oil tank area based on LOPA is established: it is composed of 4 first class indexes, 15 second class indexes and 58 third grade indexes; The weight value of each level index is given objectively by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the comprehensive evaluation model of fire emergency ability is constructed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. According to the concrete contents of the evaluation system, the evaluation steps are integrated and a software for evaluating the fire emergency capability of large crude oil tank area is developed, which is simple and easy to operate, and is convenient for enterprises to use in real time and evaluate regularly. The model has been successfully used to evaluate the fire emergency capability of a domestic petrochemical company tank area. The results show that the evaluation model established in this paper is feasible to evaluate the fire emergency capability of a large crude oil tank area. The evaluation results of various levels of indicators are obtained by weighted calculation, which reflects the current situation of the design or management of emergency facilities corresponding to the indicators. Based on the analysis of the evaluation results, the short board of the fire emergency system is found, and the perfect suggestions are given. It is of great significance to strengthen the construction of the fire emergency management in the tank area, reduce the accident loss, and improve the fire fighting system's ability to deal with the accident in the tank area.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE88
本文编号：2229192
[Abstract]:Large crude oil tank area is an important facility for petrochemical enterprises to store raw materials, and its safe and stable operation is the key link of normal production. Because of the combustible and explosive properties of raw materials, personnel misoperation and environmental factors, fire and explosion accidents occur from time to time in the tank area, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. Based on the understanding of the fire risk and the tragic accident lessons, it is increasingly important to strengthen the fire emergency management and prevention work in the tank area. In order to achieve this goal, it is urgent to establish a set of evaluation system of fire emergency capability in large crude oil tank area, to make clear the ability of enterprise fire emergency system to resist risks and its own weak links, and to improve the ability of fire emergency in tank area so as to effectively deal with accidents. Reduce accident losses. On the basis of investigating and investigating the situation of major fire and explosion accidents in tank areas at home and abroad, fire prevention facilities, fire control system design, fire emergency management and accident emergency rescue at home and abroad, from people, machines, objects, rings, The risk prevention system in the whole process of tank fire accident is constructed from five aspects of pipe, and the failure process of protective layer in tank area fire accident is analyzed in combination with the idea of protective layer analysis. Based on the above analysis and the theory of emergency capability evaluation, the selection of indexes is completed, and a set of evaluation system of fire emergency capability of large crude oil tank area based on LOPA is established: it is composed of 4 first class indexes, 15 second class indexes and 58 third grade indexes; The weight value of each level index is given objectively by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the comprehensive evaluation model of fire emergency ability is constructed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. According to the concrete contents of the evaluation system, the evaluation steps are integrated and a software for evaluating the fire emergency capability of large crude oil tank area is developed, which is simple and easy to operate, and is convenient for enterprises to use in real time and evaluate regularly. The model has been successfully used to evaluate the fire emergency capability of a domestic petrochemical company tank area. The results show that the evaluation model established in this paper is feasible to evaluate the fire emergency capability of a large crude oil tank area. The evaluation results of various levels of indicators are obtained by weighted calculation, which reflects the current situation of the design or management of emergency facilities corresponding to the indicators. Based on the analysis of the evaluation results, the short board of the fire emergency system is found, and the perfect suggestions are given. It is of great significance to strengthen the construction of the fire emergency management in the tank area, reduce the accident loss, and improve the fire fighting system's ability to deal with the accident in the tank area.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE88
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