含油污泥的流变特性试验研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 12:42
【摘要】：含油污泥是在原油的开采、炼化和储运过程中产生的危险废弃物,含油污泥中含有毒有害物质会对自然环境和人类健康造成严重的影响,同时含油污泥中有大量的油份,具有很高的回收利用价值,因此对其进行合理有效的处置有十分重要的意义。含油污泥处置方法的选择需要综合考虑含油污泥的各项理化特性,含油污泥的流变特性在含油污泥的管道输运等过程中是不可缺少的参数。因此,本文对几种典型含油污泥样品的基本理化特性及流变特性进行了试验研究,主要研究内容和结论如下： (1)含油污泥的H/C比范围为1.35～1.96,与常规的减压渣油相当,热值范围为20000J/g-37000J/g,含油率为35%-81%。油相主要成分为饱和烃,其含量在33%-51%之间。微观图像表明含油污泥中的油和水大部分以油包水的形式结合在一起。含油污泥中重金属主要分布于残渣中,平均含量最高的重金属元素为Zn (1328.16mg/kg),最低的为Cd (8.92mg/kg)。 (2)含油污泥粘度随剪切速率和温度的升高而降低,呈现明显的屈服假塑性流体的特性。随剪切速率的升高,油泥粘度的变化分为急剧下降段(0～200s-1)、缓慢下降段(200～400s-1)和稳定段(400～600s-1)；低温段(30-50℃)温度对粘度的影响远超过高温段(50～70℃)的影响。不同添加剂对含油污泥的降粘作用也有较大差别,溶剂油和甲基乙基酮对所有油泥样品都有较好的降粘作用,添加量小于20%时,溶剂油的降粘效果优于甲基乙基酮；大于20%时,两者差别不明显,曲拉通对含油污泥的降粘作用取决于原油泥中水和油的含量及微观结合方式。 (3)赫巴、卡森、幂律三种流变模型的拟合结果表明：赫巴模型对含油污泥的流变曲线拟合度较高,但温度较低时无法完全体现流体的屈服应力。单独使用卡森模型来拟合误差较大。幂律模型的拟合度介于赫巴模型和卡森模型之间,但缺少屈服应力项,因此局限性较大。0-200s-1使用卡森模型拟合、200s-1以上使用赫巴模型拟合的两段拟合方式既可以保证拟合精度,又可以很好的体现流体的屈服应力。
[Abstract]:Oily sludge is a hazardous waste produced in the process of crude oil extraction, refining and storage and transportation. The toxic and harmful substances in the oily sludge will have serious effects on the natural environment and human health, and there is a large amount of oil in the oily sludge. It has high recycling value, so it is very important to dispose it reasonably and effectively. The physical and chemical properties of oily sludge should be considered synthetically in the selection of disposal methods of oily sludge. The rheological characteristics of oily sludge are indispensable parameters in the pipeline transportation of oily sludge. Therefore, the basic physical and chemical properties and rheological properties of several typical oily sludge samples were studied in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the H / C ratio of oily sludge is 1.35 ~ 1.96, which is similar to that of conventional vacuum residue. The caloric range is 20000J / g-37000J / g, and the oil content is 35-81g. The main component of the oil phase is saturated hydrocarbon, the content of which is between 33% and 51%. Microscopic images show that oil and water in oily sludge are mostly combined in the form of water in oil. The content of heavy metals in oily sludge was mainly distributed in residue. The average content of heavy metals was Zn (1328.16mg/kg), and the viscosity of Cd (8.92mg/kg). (2) decreased with the increase of shear rate and temperature. The properties of yield pseudoplastic fluid are obvious. With the increase of shear rate, the variation of viscosity of oil mud can be divided into three stages: 0~200s-1, 200~400s-1 and 400~600s-1, and the effect of temperature at low temperature (30-50 鈩，
本文编号：2239037
[Abstract]:Oily sludge is a hazardous waste produced in the process of crude oil extraction, refining and storage and transportation. The toxic and harmful substances in the oily sludge will have serious effects on the natural environment and human health, and there is a large amount of oil in the oily sludge. It has high recycling value, so it is very important to dispose it reasonably and effectively. The physical and chemical properties of oily sludge should be considered synthetically in the selection of disposal methods of oily sludge. The rheological characteristics of oily sludge are indispensable parameters in the pipeline transportation of oily sludge. Therefore, the basic physical and chemical properties and rheological properties of several typical oily sludge samples were studied in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the H / C ratio of oily sludge is 1.35 ~ 1.96, which is similar to that of conventional vacuum residue. The caloric range is 20000J / g-37000J / g, and the oil content is 35-81g. The main component of the oil phase is saturated hydrocarbon, the content of which is between 33% and 51%. Microscopic images show that oil and water in oily sludge are mostly combined in the form of water in oil. The content of heavy metals in oily sludge was mainly distributed in residue. The average content of heavy metals was Zn (1328.16mg/kg), and the viscosity of Cd (8.92mg/kg). (2) decreased with the increase of shear rate and temperature. The properties of yield pseudoplastic fluid are obvious. With the increase of shear rate, the variation of viscosity of oil mud can be divided into three stages: 0~200s-1, 200~400s-1 and 400~600s-1, and the effect of temperature at low temperature (30-50 鈩，
本文编号：2239037
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