环保型船用艉轴油的组成及乳化性能研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 08:54

【摘要】：在航海运行中,艉轴密封装置常常会因为船体震动或者海损等原因而失效,导致艉轴油泄漏引起环境的污染。随着人类对环境保护的日益重视,传统的艉轴油已经很难达到环保法规的要求。因此,环保型船用艉轴油的研制迫在眉睫。多元醇酯作为基础油,具有良好的润滑性、优异的热稳定性、可生物降解和无生物毒性等特点。论文在研究多元醇酯结构与船用艉轴油性能之间的关系基础上确定了基础油配方;运用模糊层次分析法研究了复合添加剂配方;以乳状液的储存时间、离心析水量和乳液的平均粒径及其粒径分布作为乳液稳定性的评价指标,研究了乳化剂种类、HLB值、乳化剂含量、剪切转速、剪切时间、助乳化剂种类以及助乳化剂含量对环保型艉轴油乳化稳定性的影响,选择出了最合适的乳化剂配方;本研究还对成品油及其乳液进行了极压抗磨性、水解安定性和生物毒性等性能检测。研究结果表明:筛选出的2种多元醇酯复配的基础油,其基础油黏度等级达到100、而且经济,可以满足该产品基础油要求。运用模糊层次分析法优选的复合添加剂可以满足该艉轴油产品要求。乳化稳定性研究发现亲水性乳化剂的亲水基EO数增加和亲油基碳链增长均能增强乳状液的稳定性,当亲水性乳化剂亲油基与亲油性乳化剂亲油基相似时,复配效果最佳。研究发现聚合物助乳化剂可进一步提高乳状液的稳定性,并且提高剪切转速、剪切时间、乳化剂和助乳化剂的含量均可以增加乳状液的储存时间,降低乳状液的离心析水量和平均粒径,从而提高乳状液的稳定性。本实验研发的环保型船用艉轴油理化指标均符合艉轴油技术指标要求,并且成品油的极压抗磨性、乳化稳定性和水解安定性优于市售的环保型艉轴油。
[Abstract]:In marine operation, tailshaft sealing devices often fail because of ship vibration or sea average, which results in environmental pollution caused by tailshaft oil leakage. With the increasing attention to environmental protection, the traditional tailshaft oil has been difficult to meet the requirements of environmental protection regulations. Therefore, the development of environmental protection stern shaft oil is urgent. As a base oil, polyol ester has good lubricity, excellent thermal stability, biodegradability and no biotoxicity. Based on the study of the relationship between the structure of polyol ester and the performance of stern shaft oil, the formula of base oil was determined, the compound additive formula was studied by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and the storage time of emulsion was studied. The water content of centrifugal precipitation and the average particle size and particle size distribution of emulsion were used as evaluation indexes of emulsion stability. HLB value of emulsifier, emulsifier content, shear speed, shearing time were studied. The most suitable emulsifier formula was selected because of the influence of the type of co-emulsifier and the content of co-emulsifier on the emulsification stability of environmental protection tailshaft oil, and the extreme pressure antiwear property of the finished oil and its emulsion was also studied. Hydrolytic stability and biotoxicity were tested. The results showed that the viscosity of the base oil was 100, and the base oil could meet the requirements of the base oil. The compound additive selected by the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process can meet the requirements of the tailshaft oil product. It was found that the increase of hydrophilic EO number and the increase of hydrophilic carbon chain of hydrophilic emulsifier could enhance the stability of emulsion. When the hydrophilic emulsifier and hydrophilic emulsifier were similar to hydrophilic emulsifier, the combination effect was the best. It is found that polymer co-emulsifier can further improve the stability of emulsion, and increase the shear speed, shear time and the content of emulsifier and co-emulsifier can increase the storage time of emulsion. In order to improve the stability of emulsion, the quantity of centrifugal precipitation and the average diameter of emulsion were decreased. The physicochemical indexes of the marine stern oil developed in this experiment all meet the technical requirements of stern shaft oil, and the extreme pressure antiwear property, emulsification stability and hydrolysis stability of the finished oil are better than those of the environmental protection stern shaft oil sold in the market.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE626.3

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