新疆高酸原油脱酸工艺的研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 21:24
【摘要】：随着常规原油资源的日益枯竭,世界原油供应呈现出重质化、劣质化趋势,从资源可取性、加工原油经济效益及装置适应性考虑,开发高酸原油加工新工艺是我国炼油企业面临的重要问题。论文针对新疆高酸混合原油开展碱洗脱酸工艺研究,在研究NaOH与环烷酸、脂肪酸、苯甲酸等模型化合物反应速率的基础上,提出用相转移催化剂(PTC)提高反应速率,同时减少混合强度,抑制原油-(碱)水乳化。结果表明:脂肪酸与NaOH的反应速率最快,环烷酸其次,原油与苯甲酸相近,但明显低于环烷酸,苯酚与NaOH的反应速率最慢。在所考察的4种季铵盐和3种聚乙二醇PTC中,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DDBAC)既可以提高石油酸-NaOH的反应速率,同时又能有效抑制油水乳化倾向。采用Zeta电位、油水界面张力、显微粒径分布和全功能稳定性分析等方法,探讨NaOH和PTC对高酸原油碱洗脱酸过程中乳状液稳定性影响的机理,结果表明,NaOH主要是通过双电层机理影响油水乳状液的稳定性,加入DDBAC可以降低油水界面的Zeta电位,降低界面膜强度,有利于液滴颗粒的聚并,从而抑制乳化。优化了以填料塔为原油脱酸反应器的多级碱洗-电脱酸工艺,在反应温度70℃,NaOH浓度3%,剂油体积比1:4,DDBAC浓度400mg/L,电场强度600V/cm,停留时间25min的条件下,原油经二级碱洗和一级水洗后酸值由2.21 mgKOH/g降低至0.41mgKOH/g,达到低酸原油标准,碱液中油含量为3.66g/L。采用CO2酸化回收碱液中的环烷酸,得到粗环烷酸的酸值为142.76mgKOH/g,其中脂肪酸的含量较高。
[Abstract]:With the increasing depletion of conventional crude oil resources, the world crude oil supply shows a trend of heavy quality and poor quality. Considering the resource desirability, the economic benefit of processing crude oil and the adaptability of the equipment, Developing a new processing process for high acid crude oil is an important problem for oil refining enterprises in China. In this paper, the alkali-washing deacidification process of Xinjiang high acid mixed crude oil was studied. On the basis of studying the reaction rate of NaOH with naphthenic acid, fatty acid, benzoic acid and other model compounds, the phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was proposed to improve the reaction rate. At the same time, the mixing strength is reduced and the emulsification of crude oil-(alkali) water is inhibited. The results showed that the reaction rate between fatty acids and NaOH was the fastest, followed by naphthenic acid, crude oil and benzoic acid, but significantly lower than naphthenic acid, phenol and NaOH reaction rate was the slowest. Among the four quaternary ammonium salts and three kinds of polyethylene glycol (PTC), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) can not only increase the reaction rate of petroleum acid-NaOH, but also effectively inhibit the tendency of oil-water emulsification. By means of Zeta potential, oil-water interfacial tension, microparticle size distribution and full-function stability analysis, the mechanism of the effect of NaOH and PTC on the stability of emulsion during alkali washing and deacidification of high-acid crude oil was discussed. The results show that the stability of oil-water emulsion is mainly affected by the mechanism of double electric layer. The addition of DDBAC can reduce the Zeta potential of oil-water interface, decrease the strength of the interfacial film, facilitate the aggregation of droplet particles, and thus inhibit the emulsification. The process of multistage alkaline washing and electrode-acid with packed column as crude oil deacidification reactor was optimized. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 70 鈩，
本文编号：2267648
[Abstract]:With the increasing depletion of conventional crude oil resources, the world crude oil supply shows a trend of heavy quality and poor quality. Considering the resource desirability, the economic benefit of processing crude oil and the adaptability of the equipment, Developing a new processing process for high acid crude oil is an important problem for oil refining enterprises in China. In this paper, the alkali-washing deacidification process of Xinjiang high acid mixed crude oil was studied. On the basis of studying the reaction rate of NaOH with naphthenic acid, fatty acid, benzoic acid and other model compounds, the phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was proposed to improve the reaction rate. At the same time, the mixing strength is reduced and the emulsification of crude oil-(alkali) water is inhibited. The results showed that the reaction rate between fatty acids and NaOH was the fastest, followed by naphthenic acid, crude oil and benzoic acid, but significantly lower than naphthenic acid, phenol and NaOH reaction rate was the slowest. Among the four quaternary ammonium salts and three kinds of polyethylene glycol (PTC), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) can not only increase the reaction rate of petroleum acid-NaOH, but also effectively inhibit the tendency of oil-water emulsification. By means of Zeta potential, oil-water interfacial tension, microparticle size distribution and full-function stability analysis, the mechanism of the effect of NaOH and PTC on the stability of emulsion during alkali washing and deacidification of high-acid crude oil was discussed. The results show that the stability of oil-water emulsion is mainly affected by the mechanism of double electric layer. The addition of DDBAC can reduce the Zeta potential of oil-water interface, decrease the strength of the interfacial film, facilitate the aggregation of droplet particles, and thus inhibit the emulsification. The process of multistage alkaline washing and electrode-acid with packed column as crude oil deacidification reactor was optimized. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 70 鈩，
本文编号：2267648
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