基于有限元方法的单牙轮钻头性能评价研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 10:44

【摘要】：单牙轮钻头具有轴承寿命长、受冲击载荷小的特点,在深井和小井眼钻井中应用广泛。然而对于单牙轮来讲,仍然有很多问题亟待进行深入地研究,对其性能的认识还需要加强。已有的对单牙轮钻头性能评价研究,都不能够全面地对钻头的性能进行综合评价,且这些研究所采用的方法大多是通过理论推导、实验、以及不完全的仿真进行的。在进行推导以及仿真时,需要研究人员具有较高的数学、力学理论基础。在进行实验时,花费较大,且周期长。针对这些问题,本文通过ABAQUS软件对单牙轮钻头与岩石互作用过程进行了仿真,获取钻头进尺、破岩量、牙齿载荷、钻头受力等相关性能参数。在多层次灰色评价方法基础上,提出单牙轮钻头性能综合评价方法,结合相关钻进参数,对钻头性能进行评价。针对单牙轮钻头牙齿先期磨损严重的现象,在相关研究基础上,根据单牙轮钻头运动特点,提出了牙齿磨损预测方法。针对有限元模型复杂,建模相对困难的问题,在ABAQUS二次开发及Python语言基础上完成了单牙轮钻头性能分析软件的开发,为模型的快速建立和钻头性能分析评价奠定了基础。本文做了许多开创性的工作,具体内容如下： (1)对单牙轮钻头破岩过程进行研究,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立单牙轮钻头与岩石互作用的有限元模型。通过有限元手段获取钻进过程中的相关参数,如钻速、进尺、传动比、破岩量和三维井底模式,结合台架实验结果,对仿真结果进行验证分析。 (2)针对单牙轮钻头牙齿先期磨损严重的情况,对大量磨损预测公式进行了研究,在考虑单牙轮钻头受力及运动的情况下,建立适用于单牙轮钻头牙齿磨损的预测公式,并结合现场使用情况,验证公式的准确性。 (3)对灰色评价方法进行研究,建立单牙轮钻头多层次灰色评价模型,通过将钻头钻进过程中的各个参数有机地结合起来,研究这些参数对钻头性能的影响,对两款异形单牙轮钻头进行了性能评价。 (4)对ABAQUS二次开发进行相关研究,针对模型复杂、建模困难的问题,采用Python语言以及ABAQUS RSG工具,对ABAQUS软件进行二次开发,完成单牙轮钻头性能分析软件地开发,并对软件进行汉化处理,降低软件操作难度,使单牙轮钻头有限元模型的快速建模与分析得以实现。
[Abstract]:Single cone bit is widely used in deep well and small hole drilling because of its long bearing life and low impact load. However, there are still a lot of problems to be studied, and the understanding of its performance needs to be strengthened. The existing research on the performance evaluation of single cone bit can not comprehensively evaluate the performance of the bit, and most of the methods used in these studies are carried out through theoretical derivation, experiment and incomplete simulation. In derivation and simulation, researchers are required to have a high theoretical basis of mathematics and mechanics. In the experiment, the cost is large and the period is long. In order to solve these problems, the interaction process between single cone bit and rock is simulated by ABAQUS software, and some related performance parameters, such as bit advance, rock breaking, tooth load and bit force, are obtained. On the basis of multi-level grey evaluation method, a comprehensive evaluation method of single cone bit performance is put forward, and the performance of single cone bit is evaluated by combining relevant drilling parameters. According to the phenomenon of serious pre-wear of single cone bit, a prediction method of tooth wear is put forward based on the related research and the movement characteristics of single cone bit. Aiming at the problem of complex finite element model and relatively difficult modeling, the performance analysis software of single cone bit is developed on the basis of ABAQUS secondary development and Python language, which lays a foundation for the rapid establishment of model and the analysis and evaluation of bit performance. A lot of pioneering work has been done in this paper. The main contents are as follows: (1) the rock breaking process of single cone bit is studied and the finite element model of interaction between single cone bit and rock is established by finite element software ABAQUS. The relevant parameters of drilling process, such as drilling speed, ruler, transmission ratio, rock breaking volume and three dimensional bottom hole model, are obtained by finite element method. The simulation results are verified and analyzed. (2) in view of the serious pre-wear of single cone bit teeth, a large number of wear prediction formulas are studied, considering the force and movement of single cone bit, The prediction formula for tooth wear of single cone bit is established, and the accuracy of the formula is verified by combining the field application. (3) the grey evaluation method is studied, and the multi-level grey evaluation model of single cone bit is established. By organically combining the parameters of drill bit drilling, the influence of these parameters on bit performance is studied, and the performance evaluation of two special-shaped single-cone bits is carried out. (4) the related research on the secondary development of ABAQUS is carried out. Aiming at the problem of complex model and difficult modeling, ABAQUS software is developed by using Python language and ABAQUS RSG tool, and the software of performance analysis of single cone bit is developed, and the software is processed in Chinese to reduce the difficulty of software operation. The fast modeling and analysis of the finite element model of single cone bit can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921.1

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