大型柴油加氢精制装置的自控设计

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:37

【摘要】：柴油加氢精制装置为炼油深加工装置,生产过程为原料柴油与氢气在催化剂的作用下经过高温高压加氢精制反应,生产出符合环保要求的清洁柴油。本文以国内最大规模处理量的350万吨／年柴油加氢精制装置为例,结合其他相关的设计项目,介绍大型柴油加氢精制装置的自控系统设计。本文对柴油加氢精制工艺流程进行描述,从反应工艺、分馏工艺流程描述入手,对装置的工艺现状进行基础分析,为自控系统设计提供基础资料。本文从装置大型化的角度研究柴油加氢精制装置反应部分仪表选型的改进和控制室的设计。反应部分仪表选型改进包括反应器床层温度测量仪表、反应器壁温测量仪表、反应进料泵出口管线流量测量仪表、热高压分离器油相出口管线调节阀、反应部分高压切断阀。大型石油化工装置设计采用中心控制室和现场机柜间分离设置的方案,本文主要论述中心控制室在位置选择、操作台布置、机柜间布置、采光照明、暖通空调、电信、消防、人体工程学设计及现场机柜间的设计注意事项。本文论述柴油加氢精制装置的主要控制方案和安全联锁方案。主要控制方案包括原料油缓冲罐压力控制、原料油缓冲罐液位控制、反应器床层温度控制、反应系统压力控制、高压分离器液位控制等内容。在安全联锁方面论述装置紧急泄压、反应进料加热炉联锁、热／冷高压分离器液位低低联锁、循环氢入口分液罐液位高高联锁、压缩机进料泵自身联锁。本文介绍柴油加氢精制装置的分散型控制系统和安全仪表系统的设计。本装置控制系统设置原则为分散控制、集中操作、集中管理,装置控制系统采用DCS分散控制系统；根据加氢装置反应压力高、温度高、反应剧烈的特点,设置独立于DCS分散控制系统的SIS安全仪表系统。本文从千万吨炼油厂的分散型控制系统和安全仪表系统的框架结构入手,论述各系统的设计原则、系统配置和设计要求。
[Abstract]:Diesel oil hydrofining unit is a deep processing unit for oil refining. In the production process, clean diesel oil is produced by the reaction of diesel oil and hydrogen under the action of catalyst at high temperature and high pressure to produce clean diesel oil which meets the requirements of environmental protection. Taking the 3.5 million t / a diesel hydrofining unit with the largest treatment capacity in China as an example, combined with other related design projects, this paper introduces the design of the automatic control system of the large diesel hydrofining unit. In this paper, the hydrofining process of diesel oil is described. Starting with the description of reaction process and fractionation process, the basic analysis of the process status of the unit is carried out, which provides the basic data for the design of the automatic control system. In this paper, the improvement of instrument selection and the design of control room for reaction part of diesel hydrofining unit are studied from the point of view of large scale diesel oil hydrofining unit. The selection and improvement of reaction instruments include reactor bed temperature measuring instrument, reactor wall temperature measuring instrument, reaction feed pump outlet pipeline flow measuring instrument, heat and high pressure separator oil phase pipeline regulating valve, reaction part high pressure cut off valve. The design of large petrochemical plant adopts the scheme of separating the central control room from the field cabinet. This paper mainly discusses the central control room in position selection, operation table layout, cabinet layout, lighting, HVAC, telecommunication, fire control, Ergonomics design and the design of the field cabinet points for attention. The main control scheme and safety interlocking scheme of diesel hydrofining unit are discussed in this paper. The main control schemes include feedstock buffer tank pressure control, feedstock buffer tank level control, reactor bed temperature control, reaction system pressure control, high pressure separator level control and so on. In the aspect of safety interlocking, emergency pressure relief, reaction feed furnace interlock, low and low liquid level interlock in hot / cold high pressure separator, high liquid level interlock in circulating hydrogen inlet liquid separating tank, interlocking of compressor feed pump itself are discussed. This paper introduces the design of distributed control system and safety instrument system for diesel hydrofining unit. The set principle of the control system of the device is decentralized control, centralized operation, centralized management, and the device control system adopts DCS decentralized control system; According to the characteristics of high reaction pressure, high temperature and intense reaction in hydrogenation unit, a SIS safety instrument system independent of DCS decentralized control system is set up. In this paper, the design principles, system configuration and design requirements of the decentralized control system and the safety instrument system of the ten million ton refinery are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE96;TP273

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