表面活性剂和离子液体在油砂分离中的应用及机理研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 10:04

【摘要】：油砂属非金属矿产,同石油、煤炭一样是一种矿藏资源,是提炼石油类产品和修建柏油路面优良材料。在当前能源危机的时代背景下,储量丰富的油砂被认为是一种非常有潜力的石油替代能源,其加工技术的开发和改进受到了国内外研究学者的广泛关注。现阶段已经工业化应用的热碱水洗技术存在耗水量大、尾矿难处理、环境危害性大等问题,而传统的有机溶剂萃取法中,溶剂的损耗和残留等问题也亟待解决。基于上述事实,本文通过溶剂和助剂的比较筛选,发现阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)水溶液辅助石脑油萃取油砂沥青是一个合理的选择。随后,通过工艺条件优化发现,在室温条件下,存放时间小于4小时的0.05%的CPAM水溶液,当石脑油:CPAM溶液:油砂为3:2:1时,可以将沥青回收率由72.29%提升至78.29%。通过对沥青的红外光谱和残砂的扫描电镜结果分析发现,甲苯体系中,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的加入可以实现油砂的清洁分离,石脑油体系中,清洁分离的主要原因是石脑油无法萃取的沥青质将细小的砂粒和黏土聚集成团或粘附在更大的砂粒表面。考虑到助剂是引发萃取效果差异的主要原因,本文进行了不同助剂体系下的沥青剥离实验。实验结果表明,沥青在纯水和典型的盐溶液体系(1mM KCl)中具有较快的剥离速率,在1mM IL中反而较慢。结合他人完成的原子力显微镜实验和和频光谱实验,本文尝试构建了一个助剂分子,特别是离子液体分子和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺分子,在沥青和石英表面的结构模型,并对助剂辅助油砂沥青分离的效果进行了解释和说明。最后,通过原子力显微镜的力学实验发现在阳离子聚丙烯酰胺水溶液中,沥青和砂粒之间的相互作用力在4 nN左右,小于其在纯水和典型的盐溶液体系中的相互作用力,从力学的角度解释了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺可以提升回收率并减少细沙夹带的原因,并验证了结构模型的正确性。
[Abstract]:Oil sand is a kind of nonmetallic mineral, like oil and coal, it is a kind of mineral resource, it is a kind of fine material for refining petroleum products and building asphalt pavement. Under the background of the current energy crisis, oil sand with abundant reserves is considered as a very potential alternative energy source. The development and improvement of its processing technology has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad. At present, the hot alkali washing technology which has been applied in industry has many problems, such as high water consumption, refractory tailings and great environmental hazards. However, in the traditional organic solvent extraction, the loss and residue of solvents are urgently needed to be solved. Based on the above facts, it is found that cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) aqueous solution is a reasonable choice for naphtha extraction of bitumen. After that, it was found that at room temperature, 0.05% of CPAM solution was stored for less than 4 hours. When naphtha: CPAM solution: oil sand was 3:2:1, The recovery rate of asphalt can be increased from 72.29% to 78.29%. The infrared spectra of asphalt and SEM analysis of residual sand show that the addition of cationic polyacrylamide in toluene system can realize clean separation of oil sand and naphtha system. The main reason for clean separation is that asphaltene, which can not be extracted from naphtha, aggregates fine sand and clay into clusters or adheres to larger sand surfaces. Considering that the additive is the main reason for the difference of extraction efficiency, the asphalt peeling experiments were carried out under different additives. The experimental results show that bitumen has a faster peeling rate in pure water and typical salt solution (1mM KCl), but slower in 1mM IL. Based on the atomic force microscope (AFM) and sum-frequency spectrum experiments, a structural model of a promoter molecule, especially ionic liquid molecule and cationic polyacrylamide molecule, on the surface of bitumen and quartz was constructed. The effect of auxiliary aid on oil sand asphalt separation is explained and explained. Finally, the mechanical experiments of atomic force microscope show that the interaction force between asphalt and sand is about 4 nN in aqueous solution of cationic polyacrylamide, which is smaller than that in pure water and typical salt solution. The reason why cationic polyacrylamide can increase the recovery rate and reduce the entrainment of fine sand is explained from the point of view of mechanics, and the correctness of the structural model is verified.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE624

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