川渝地区页岩气压裂配套工作液技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 19:57

【摘要】：随着国内页岩气的大规模开发,页岩储层增产改造成为其主要手段,目前川渝地区页岩气改造已逐步趋于水平井组“工厂化”压裂模式。但工业化的开采,带来的不仅仅是技术上的进步和产值上的增长,也带来了巨大的环境压力。页岩气压裂施工规模大,施工的各个环节都需要用水,尤其是压裂完井环节,用水量达到整体用水量的90%之多,用水量基本都达到了几十万方计。在此基础上,又由于川渝地区页岩气井大部处于丘陵地带,更凸显了采水、供水、储水、富余液体处理和返排液处理等多个方面的难题。所以,在川渝地区的页岩气开发上,不仅仅要考虑提高“工厂化”压裂的施工效果,更要着重考虑如何通过更先进的设备和技术来提高开采过程对于水资源的利用,不仅优化了施工工艺,节约了人力物力,而且在最大限度上减少对川渝地区脆弱的水环境的影响。本文通过对川渝地区页岩气开发现状深入的调研分析,结合分析国外的页岩气压裂技术手段,从如何解决川渝地区页岩气工厂化压裂的水资源难题着手,展开了连续混配压裂液及配套工艺、页岩气用降阻剂及滑溜水两大方面的研究,并进行了现场应用分析。通过对连续混配工艺技术进行研究,形成了一套连续混配工作液及现场施工工艺技术,实现了页岩气施工现场实时配液。该技术扩大了可利用的水资源范围、减少了现场液罐使用量、避免了压裂液存储风险、减少了压裂液富余量、简化了工作流程,达到既节约生产成本的同时又提高了对水资源综合利用的目的。本文中提出的降阻剂及在其基础上形成的页岩气滑溜水工作液体系,也具有高效利用水资源的特点。目前研究出的这套以反相乳液降阻剂为主剂的页岩气用滑溜水工作液体系具有溶解速率快、降阻效果好、耐剪切、现场使用简单、可重复利用、伤害低的效果。该滑溜水工作液体系已经建立产品工业化生产并在页岩气井成功推广应用。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale development of shale gas in China, the production increase and transformation of shale reservoir has become the main means. At present, the transformation of shale gas in Sichuan and Chongqing areas has gradually tended to the "factory" fracturing mode of horizontal well formation. However, industrial exploitation brings not only technological progress and output growth, but also great environmental pressure. The scale of shale pressure crack construction is large, and every link of construction needs water, especially in fracturing and well completion, the water consumption reaches 90% of the total water consumption, and the water consumption basically reaches several hundred thousand square meters. On this basis, because most of the shale gas wells in Sichuan and Chongqing are located in hilly areas, many problems such as water recovery, water supply, water storage, surplus liquid treatment and back liquid treatment are highlighted. Therefore, in the development of shale gas in Sichuan and Chongqing, we should not only consider how to improve the effect of "factory" fracturing, but also how to improve the utilization of water resources through more advanced equipment and technology. It not only optimizes the construction technology, saves manpower and material resources, but also minimizes the influence on the fragile water environment in Sichuan and Chongqing. Based on the investigation and analysis of the present situation of shale gas development in Sichuan and Chongqing areas, and combining with the analysis of overseas shale pressure crack technology, this paper begins with how to solve the water resources problem of shale gas factory fracturing in Sichuan and Chongqing areas. Continuous mixing fracturing fluid and matching technology, shale gas resistance reducing agent and slippery water are studied, and field application analysis is carried out. Through the study of continuous mixing technology, a set of continuous mixing working fluid and field construction technology were formed, and the real time distribution of shale gas was realized. The technology expands the range of available water resources, reduces the amount of liquid tank used in the field, avoids the risk of fracturing fluid storage, reduces the surplus of fracturing fluid, and simplifies the work flow. It not only saves the production cost, but also improves the comprehensive utilization of water resources. The proposed depressant and the shale gas slippery water working fluid system based on it also have the characteristics of efficient utilization of water resources. The present developed shale gas slippery working fluid system with reverse emulsion as the main agent has the advantages of fast dissolution rate, good resistance reduction effect, good shear resistance, simple field use, reusable use and low damage. The slippery water working fluid system has been established for industrial production and has been successfully popularized and applied in shale gas wells.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357

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