基于微震特性的断层检测技术（英文）

发布时间：2018-12-15 18:59

【摘要】：对非常规油气藏,断层既可以成为油气的流通通道,也可能成为油气藏开采开发的阻碍,体现在(1)导致压裂液的滤失;(2)导致储层水淹;(3)诱发小型地震。因地震勘探分辨率的影响使得部分小型断层无法被有效检测,该类断层在压裂施工过程中变得异常活跃并释放出大量的微震。为此,本文总结出一种融合微震时空特征、相对震级、震源机制、振幅、频率的天然断层识别方法。该方法基于储层力学机理分析天然断层和压裂裂缝激发的力学环境,并得出其时空分布规律;通过引入微地震相对震级的算法对天然断层和压裂裂缝活动所致的微地震事件进行标定,并基于地震位移理论分析天然断层和压裂裂缝所致微震的动力学特征,得出其在频率和振幅存在的差异。通过微地震地面和井中监测实例的应用和验证,该方法能有效地达到对天然断层和压裂裂缝识别的目的。
[Abstract]:For unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, faults can be either a passage for oil and gas flow or a hindrance to oil and gas reservoir development, which can be reflected in (1) filtration of fracturing fluid, (2) reservoir flooding and (3) induced small earthquakes. Because of the influence of seismic exploration resolution, some small faults can not be detected effectively, and these faults become very active during fracturing and release a large number of microearthquakes. Therefore, this paper summarizes a natural fault identification method which combines the temporal and spatial characteristics, relative magnitude, focal mechanism, amplitude and frequency of microearthquakes. Based on the mechanism of reservoir mechanics, this method analyzes the mechanical environment of natural faults and fracturing fractures, and obtains the space-time distribution law of natural faults and fracturing fractures. The microseismic events caused by natural faults and fracturing fractures are calibrated by introducing the algorithm of relative magnitude of micro-earthquakes, and the dynamic characteristics of micro-earthquakes caused by natural faults and fracturing fractures are analyzed based on the seismic displacement theory. The differences in frequency and amplitude are obtained. Through the application and verification of ground and well monitoring examples, the method can effectively identify natural faults and fracturing fractures.
【作者单位】：川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司;成都理工大学油气藏地质实验室;
【基金】：supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2016ZX05023-004)
【分类号】：P631.4;TE311

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