高低压转换液流阀的磨损研究

发布时间：2019-03-02 19:53

【摘要】：在高压油气井的地面装置中,针型节流阀是重要的井口设备之一,其抗冲蚀性能的优劣是影响其使用寿命的一个决定性因素。阀的应用范围是越来越广泛,在工业及生活中起着至关重要的作用。但是,通常阀所处的工作环境尤为恶劣,如过流面积骤减,使得流体以更高的流速通过阀芯与阀腔形成的微小过流面,在阀体工作面上产生明显的蚀坑或蚀槽,导致阀体表面金属流失,极易造成阀体刺穿或阀芯结构的破坏,最终致使针型阀的变形,甚至失效。经过分析可知,导致针型阀工作失效的主要原因是阀体受到颗粒冲蚀而遭到破坏。因此,为了解决冲蚀磨损问题,本文通过CFD中的Fluent建立阀体受到冲蚀磨损的空间几何模型,采用标准湍流模型及QUICK差分格式、SIMPLEC压力速度耦合方程和PRESTO压力插补格式对针型节流阀进行液固两相流冲刷磨蚀的数值仿真,可得冲蚀规律为:阀腔圆台受到的冲蚀磨损较阀芯严重,而且随着阀门开度的逐渐增大,阀体受到的冲蚀磨损率相对减小,而且阀芯受冲蚀较严重的部位也越靠近阀尖,且随着流速的增大,磨损较严重的部位由阀腔右侧入口处向阀腔左侧移动,从而得出不同条件下引起的冲蚀磨损的量化范围,为针型阀的抗冲蚀结构优化提供一定的理论指导和依据。
[Abstract]:Needle throttle is one of the most important wellhead equipment in the surface installation of high pressure oil and gas wells, and its erosion resistance is a decisive factor affecting its service life. Valve is more and more widely used and plays an important role in industry and life. However, the working environment of the valve is particularly bad, such as the sudden reduction of the overflow area, which causes the fluid to pass through the valve core and the valve cavity at a higher flow rate, resulting in obvious corrosion pits or grooves on the face of the valve body. Leading to metal loss on the surface of the valve body, it is easy to cause piercing of the valve body or damage of the valve core structure, resulting in the deformation or even failure of the needle valve. According to the analysis, the main reason leading to the failure of needle valve is that the valve body is damaged by particle erosion. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of erosion wear, the spatial geometry model of valve body is established by Fluent in CFD, and the standard turbulence model and QUICK difference scheme are adopted. SIMPLEC pressure-velocity coupling equation and PRESTO pressure interpolation scheme are used to simulate the erosion of needle throttle valve by liquid-solid two-phase flow erosion. The erosion rule is as follows: the erosion wear of valve chamber round table is more serious than that of valve core. And with the increasing of the valve opening, the erosion wear rate of the valve body decreases relatively, and the more serious the valve core is eroded, the closer it is to the valve tip, and with the increase of the velocity of flow, the more serious the valve core is eroded, the more serious the valve core is eroded. The parts with serious wear move from the right entrance of the valve chamber to the left side of the valve chamber, so as to obtain the quantitative range of erosion wear caused by different conditions, and provide some theoretical guidance and basis for the optimization of the anti-erosion structure of needle-shaped valves.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE931.1

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