基于序贯概率比和压力梯度法的管道泄漏检测和定位研究

发布时间：2019-03-03 08:44

【摘要】：管道运输作为五大主要运输方式之一,以安全可靠、经济实用的特点在油气运输中被广泛应用,正在发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而由于材料和人为等因素,管道极有可能会发生泄漏,造成巨大的经济损失,严重影响输油气正常生产秩序。因此,为了能够及时检测和预警管道发生泄漏,并进行定位,本文在现有检测方法的基础上,对气液两相流管道泄漏检测和定位进行了研究、开发了一套用于泄漏检测和定位的软件系统,并进行了模拟分析和实验验证。本文的主要研究内容包括:(1)基于序贯概率比法的管道泄漏检测理论,提出了泄漏判断参数及门限值。在现有的以质量平衡为基础运用序贯概率比法进行动态检测的基础上,推广到以压力平衡为基础运用序贯概率比法进行静态检测方法。(2)在现有的压力梯度法管道泄漏定位理论上。总结了单相流情况下压力梯度及泄漏位置计算方法,对气液两相流的情况进行了详细论述,给出了三种计算模型(Xiao-Shoham-Brill、Beggs-Brill和Oliemans),介绍了各模型下流态的判别依据、每种流态的压力梯度计算方法。(3)基于泄漏检测和定位的原理,编写了泄漏检测软件,该软件可以实时监控管道的运行状态和操作状态,对已采集的各类数据进行分析,将实时数据与计算结果以可视化的图形表示出来,当发生泄漏时,可以及时报警并估算泄漏量及泄漏百分比,对于泄漏位置也可以进行定位。能够自定义管内流体的组分及性质参数、管道的布置情况和环境情况、选用三种模型进行计算也是软件的一大特点。(4)通过大量实验对理论的适用性和软件的准确性进行了验证的过程。对于定位部分,还分析比较了三个计算模型的特点的适用性,最后通过与其他软件的对比,验证了在更长距离情况下定位的准确性。
[Abstract]:As one of the five major modes of transportation, pipeline transportation has been widely used in oil and gas transportation because of its safe, reliable, economical and practical characteristics, and it is playing a more and more important role. However, due to materials and man-made factors, pipeline leakage is very likely to occur, resulting in huge economic losses, seriously affecting the normal production order of oil and gas transmission. Therefore, in order to detect and early-warn pipeline leakage in time and locate it, based on the existing detection methods, the leakage detection and location of gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline is studied in this paper, and the leakage detection and location of gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline is studied. A software system for leak detection and location is developed and simulated and verified by experiments. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the sequential probability ratio method, the leakage detection parameters and threshold values are proposed. On the basis of the existing dynamic detection based on mass balance, the sequential probability ratio method is used to carry out the dynamic detection. It is extended to the static detection method based on pressure balance using sequential probability ratio method. (2) based on the existing theory of pressure gradient method for pipeline leakage location. The calculation methods of pressure gradient and leakage position in the case of single phase flow are summarized. The gas liquid two phase flow is discussed in detail, and three calculation models (Xiao-Shoham-Brill,Beggs-Brill and Oliemans),) are given. Based on the principle of leak detection and location, a leak detection software is developed, which can monitor the operation state and operation state of the pipeline in real time, and the method of calculating the pressure gradient of each flow state is introduced in this paper. (3) based on the principle of leak detection and location, a leak detection software is compiled. After analyzing all kinds of data collected, the real-time data and calculation results are represented by visual graphics. When the leakage occurs, the leakage quantity and percentage can be estimated in time, and the leakage location can also be located. The ability to customize the composition and properties of the fluid in the tube, the layout of the pipe, and the environmental conditions, Choosing three models for calculation is also one of the characteristics of the software. (4) through a large number of experiments, the applicability of the theory and the accuracy of the software are verified. For the location part, the applicability of the three calculation models is analyzed and compared. Finally, the accuracy of the location in the case of longer distance is verified by comparing with other software.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE973.6

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