基于电功率的抽油机示功图测试系统研究

发布时间：2019-05-05 14:17

【摘要】：地面(光杆)示功图是反应油井及井下抽油泵状态的重要参数,常用来判断抽油泵故障。传统测试方法为使用示功仪或载荷传感器进行测试。使用示功仪(动力仪)时,测试频率低,不能及时发现抽油泵故障。使用载荷传感器时,传感器长期承受交变载荷,易出故障,使用寿命短,且随着时间加长容易发生数据漂移。油田建议测试电功率来实现悬点示功图的间接测量,希望能够解决使用电功率计算悬点载荷的难题。本文建立了基于电参数推导悬点示功图的精确模型,选用一系列测试仪器进行数据采集实验,编程计算出的示功图误差率在10%以内。首先,分析抽油机的运动和受力,得到悬点运动参数和各扭矩求解公式,对电机、皮带、减速器的效率和损耗影响因素和规律进行分析,得到各自效率随传递扭矩的变化规律,并建立起基于电参数的悬点载荷和位移的求解模型,由于考虑了冲次内的效率变化、游梁摆角影响、电机转速波动等,具有更高的精度。其次,设计硬件测试系统,在空载、不同平衡度、不同冲次、不同“井况”等实验条件下测试电机功率、电机转速、死点位置、示功图等数据。通过数据处理得到了变频器效率、惯性扭矩、电机到曲柄轴总传动效率等数据。然后,基于实测参数结合总传动效率曲线计算出多组示功图,将计算出的示功图与实测示功图对比,误差率小于10%,并分析了影响示功图计算精度的因素。最后,编写了“基于电功率的抽油机示功图计算软件”,实现数据采集、数据处理、示功图计算、平衡度测试与指导等功能。
[Abstract]:The surface (smooth rod) indicator diagram is an important parameter to reflect the state of oil well and downhole oil pump, which is often used to judge the fault of oil well. The traditional test method is the use of dynamometer or load sensor for testing. When using dynamometer (dynamometer), the testing frequency is low, and the fault of oil pump can not be found in time. When the load sensor is used, the sensor will be subjected to alternating load for a long time, it is easy to fail, and its service life is short, and the data drift occurs easily with the increase of time. In order to solve the problem of calculating the suspension load using electric power, it is suggested that the indirect measurement of suspension power diagram can be realized by testing electric power in oil field. In this paper, the accurate model of the suspension indicator diagram is established based on the electric parameters. A series of test instruments are selected to carry out the data acquisition experiment. The error rate of the indicator diagram calculated by programming is less than 10%. Firstly, the movement and force of the pumping unit are analyzed, and the suspension motion parameters and the formulas for solving the torque are obtained. The influencing factors and rules of the efficiency and loss of the motor, belt and reducer are analyzed, and the variation rule of the respective efficiency with the transfer torque is obtained. The calculation model of suspension load and displacement based on electric parameters is established. It has higher precision because of considering the change of efficiency in the impulse, the influence of swinging angle of moving beam, the fluctuation of motor speed and so on. Secondly, the hardware test system is designed to test the data of motor power, motor speed, dead point position and indicator diagram under the experimental conditions such as no load, different balance degree, different impulse times, different "well conditions" and so on. The data of frequency converter efficiency, inertia torque, motor-to-crank shaft total transmission efficiency and so on are obtained by data processing. Then, based on the measured parameters combined with the total transmission efficiency curve, the multi-group indicator diagram is calculated, the calculated indicator diagram is compared with the measured indicator diagram, the error rate is less than 10%, and the factors affecting the calculation accuracy of the indicator diagram are analyzed. Finally, the "calculation software of indicator diagram of pumping unit based on electric power" is compiled, which realizes the functions of data acquisition, data processing, calculation of indicator diagram, balance test and guidance, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE933.1

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