高钢级埋弧焊管焊缝数字射线检测方法研究
发布时间：2019-05-16 19:50
【摘要】：在管道的生产和建设过程中,焊缝检测是必不可少的一道工序。x射线胶片照相法是我国长期采用的管道焊缝检测方法,但存在检测效率低、检测成本高、污染环境等问题。数字射线检测方法的产生为射线检测提供了新方法,基于非晶硅平板探测器的数字射线检测方法在医学领域已得到成功应用,但能否应用于管道检测尚未得到统一认识。因此本文ffi点对该系统的性能评价方法、图像质量影响因素及在管道焊缝检测方面应用的有效性进行研究。论文通过借鉴国外管道事故统计数据,研宄了油气管道事故的主要引起因素及相关的安全检测方法。总结不同射线检测方法的发展、特点及不足,优选出适合用于管道焊缝检测的数字射线检测系统。在分析数字射线检测系统成像原理的基础上,对数字射线检测系统的关键组件非晶硅平板探测器的组成、转换机理进行研宄,分析该系统能获得较好的检测效果的原因;分析了探测器主要性能参数对图像质量的影响。对图像对比度、图像分辨率等参数的具体影响因素分别进行了试验验证。影响图像对比度的主要因素有射线能量、散射线及成像儿何条件,成像儿何条件又包括射线源焦点尺寸、放大倍数及焦距;影响图像分辨率的主要因素有探测器像元尺寸、射线源焦点尺寸和放大倍数等;实验结果与理论分析基本一致。从获得更高图像对比度和更高分辨率出发,综合考虑试验系统组成及相关影响M素,得出在较优条件下的试验参数,在此条件下对X80钢管试块从信噪比、对比度、分辨率二个方面进行了试验研究,并将获得的数字射线检测图像与胶片照相检测图像进行对比分析。实验结果表明:数字射线检测图像质量满足相关标准要求,检测结果是有效的;数字射线检测图像与胶片射线检测图像相比具有同等的缺陷发现能力,某些情况下得到的图像史加清晰;数字射线检测方法可以在很短时间内成像,具有更高的检测效率;数字射线检测方法应用于管道焊缝检测是可行的,实验结果及分析为后续该方法的推广应用提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:In the process of pipeline production and construction, weld detection is an indispensable process. X-ray film photography is a long-term pipeline weld detection method in China, but there are some problems, such as low detection efficiency, high detection cost, pollution to the environment and so on. The generation of digital ray detection method provides a new method for ray detection. The digital ray detection method based on amorphous silicon flat plate detector has been successfully applied in the field of medicine, but whether it can be applied to pipeline detection has not been unified. Therefore, the performance evaluation method of the system, the influencing factors of image quality and the effectiveness of its application in pipeline weld detection are studied in this paper. Based on the statistical data of pipeline accidents abroad, the main causes of oil and gas pipeline accidents and the related safety detection methods are studied in this paper. The development, characteristics and shortcomings of different ray detection methods are summarized, and the digital ray detection system suitable for pipeline weld detection is selected. On the basis of analyzing the imaging principle of digital ray detection system, the composition and conversion mechanism of amorphous silicon flat plate detector, which is the key component of digital ray detection system, are studied, and the reasons why the system can obtain better detection effect are analyzed. The influence of the main performance parameters of the detector on the image quality is analyzed. The specific influencing factors of image contrast, image resolution and other parameters are verified by experiments. The main factors affecting the contrast of the image are ray energy, scattered rays and imaging conditions, and the imaging conditions include the focus size of the ray source, magnification and focal length. The main factors affecting the image resolution are the pixel size of the detector, the focus size and magnification of the ray source, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. In order to obtain higher image contrast and higher resolution, considering the composition of the test system and the related influence M element, the test parameters under the better conditions are obtained. Under these conditions, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast of the X80 steel pipe test block are obtained. The resolution was studied in two aspects, and the digital radiographic images and film photographic images were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the image quality of digital ray detection meets the requirements of relevant standards, and the detection results are effective. Compared with the film ray detection image, the digital ray detection image has the same defect detection ability, and the image history obtained in some cases is clearer. The digital ray detection method can image in a very short time and has higher detection efficiency. It is feasible to apply digital ray detection method to pipeline weld detection. The experimental results and analysis provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent popularization and application of this method.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.3
本文编号：2478518
[Abstract]:In the process of pipeline production and construction, weld detection is an indispensable process. X-ray film photography is a long-term pipeline weld detection method in China, but there are some problems, such as low detection efficiency, high detection cost, pollution to the environment and so on. The generation of digital ray detection method provides a new method for ray detection. The digital ray detection method based on amorphous silicon flat plate detector has been successfully applied in the field of medicine, but whether it can be applied to pipeline detection has not been unified. Therefore, the performance evaluation method of the system, the influencing factors of image quality and the effectiveness of its application in pipeline weld detection are studied in this paper. Based on the statistical data of pipeline accidents abroad, the main causes of oil and gas pipeline accidents and the related safety detection methods are studied in this paper. The development, characteristics and shortcomings of different ray detection methods are summarized, and the digital ray detection system suitable for pipeline weld detection is selected. On the basis of analyzing the imaging principle of digital ray detection system, the composition and conversion mechanism of amorphous silicon flat plate detector, which is the key component of digital ray detection system, are studied, and the reasons why the system can obtain better detection effect are analyzed. The influence of the main performance parameters of the detector on the image quality is analyzed. The specific influencing factors of image contrast, image resolution and other parameters are verified by experiments. The main factors affecting the contrast of the image are ray energy, scattered rays and imaging conditions, and the imaging conditions include the focus size of the ray source, magnification and focal length. The main factors affecting the image resolution are the pixel size of the detector, the focus size and magnification of the ray source, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. In order to obtain higher image contrast and higher resolution, considering the composition of the test system and the related influence M element, the test parameters under the better conditions are obtained. Under these conditions, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast of the X80 steel pipe test block are obtained. The resolution was studied in two aspects, and the digital radiographic images and film photographic images were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the image quality of digital ray detection meets the requirements of relevant standards, and the detection results are effective. Compared with the film ray detection image, the digital ray detection image has the same defect detection ability, and the image history obtained in some cases is clearer. The digital ray detection method can image in a very short time and has higher detection efficiency. It is feasible to apply digital ray detection method to pipeline weld detection. The experimental results and analysis provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent popularization and application of this method.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.3
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