12型游梁抽油机曲柄平衡自动调节装置的设计与分析

发布时间：2019-05-22 20:19

【摘要】：利用机械进行采油和依靠自喷采油是原油开采的两种基本方法。游梁式抽油机是机械采油方法中应用的最广泛的抽油设备,其数量占到采油提升设备80%以上。它具有结构简单、成本低、可靠性高、维修方便、使用寿命长等特点。但是,游梁式抽油机在工作过程中常常会出现不平衡的问题,其电动机、减速器、以及四连杆机构等寿命的降低就是由不平衡导致的,甚至会加速抽油杆的断裂。因此,在游梁式抽油机运行过程中必须解决抽油机的不平衡问题。目前抽油机平衡调节主要方式是采用抽油机在停机状态下油田工人手动调平衡,因平衡块很重,有时还需借助吊车才能实现调节,这种方式显然存在着抽油机平衡不能及时进行调节、调节效率不高、调节速度慢等问题。针对以上问题,本文以抽油机平衡理论为基础,对12型游梁式抽油机曲柄平衡自动调节做了以下方面的研究:(1)通过文献调研可知,国内外研究人员所研究出现有的各式新型调平衡装置典型的有:随动平衡、增加超越离合器、飞轮动能平衡、电机加滚珠丝杠自动调节平衡等。(2)通过熟悉抽油机自动平衡的结构形式和工作原理,确定出抽油机曲柄平衡自动调节装置设计方案,利用丝杠、锥齿轮、齿轮齿环等机构,实现平衡块在曲柄上的直线移动。(3)根据抽油机的实际工况,以抽油机平衡理论为基础,计算出自动调平衡装置的结构参数,并完成该装置的装配图。(4)根据设计方案,对调平衡装置重要零部件进行强度校核和刚度计算。(5)利用PLC(可编程控制器)以及传感器等控制元件来实现调节装置的自动控制。通过上述的分析,设计出两种调节装置都能实现曲柄平衡自动调节。方案1装置具有的特点是整个曲柄平衡自动调节消耗的时间短,效率高,不需要人工操作,抽油机可以在不停机的时候调节平衡,这样抽油机的生产效率提高了,产量增加,整个装置结构简单,易实现。但调节平衡时只能当曲柄平衡块运动到一定的角度范围内才能实现调节,不能在曲柄平衡块转动的任意角度调节。在抽油机的一个冲程内只能调节一次,经多个冲程的调节即可达到平衡调节要求。方案2装置具有的特点是该装置结构简单,易于实现,调节的过程较短,可以在曲柄平衡块运动的任意角度进行调节,其调节消耗的时间比方案1的时间要短,但需要外接电源进行供能才能实现。
[Abstract]:Mechanical oil recovery and self-injection oil recovery are two basic methods of crude oil production. Beam pumping unit is the most widely used pumping equipment in mechanical oil recovery method, which accounts for more than 80% of the oil production lifting equipment. It has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high reliability, convenient maintenance and long service life. However, the unbalanced problem often occurs in the working process of the beam pumping unit. The decrease of the life of the motor, reducer and four-bar mechanism is caused by the imbalance, and even accelerates the fracture of the sucker rod. Therefore, the imbalance of pumping unit must be solved in the operation process of beam pumping unit. At present, the main way of balance adjustment of pumping unit is to use pumping unit to adjust balance manually under the condition of shutdown. Because the balance block is very heavy, sometimes it is necessary to use crane to adjust. Obviously, there are some problems in this way, such as the balance of pumping unit can not be adjusted in time, the adjustment efficiency is not high, the adjustment speed is slow and so on. In order to solve the above problems, based on the balance theory of pumping unit, the automatic adjustment of crank balance of type 12 beam pumping unit is studied in the following aspects: (1) through literature research, it can be seen that Researchers at home and abroad have developed various new types of balance regulating devices, which are typical of following dynamic balance, increasing overrunning clutch, and balancing the dynamic energy of flywheel. The motor plus ball screw automatically adjusts the balance, etc. (2) by familiar with the structure form and working principle of the automatic balance of the pumping unit, the design scheme of the automatic adjusting device of the crank balance of the pumping unit is determined, and the design scheme of the automatic adjusting device of the crank balance of the pumping unit is determined by using the screw and bevel gear, Gear ring and other mechanisms to realize the straight line movement of the balance block on the crank. (3) according to the actual working conditions of the pumping unit, based on the balance theory of the pumping unit, the structural parameters of the automatic balance adjusting device are calculated. And complete the assembly drawing of the device. (4) according to the design scheme, The strength check and stiffness calculation of the important parts of the balance adjusting device are carried out. (5) the automatic control of the regulating device is realized by using PLC (programmable controller) and sensor and other control elements. Through the above analysis, two kinds of regulating devices are designed to realize the automatic adjustment of crank balance. The characteristic of the scheme 1 device is that the whole crank balance automatically adjusts the consumption time is short, the efficiency is high, does not need the manual operation, the pumping unit can adjust the balance when does not stop, thus the production efficiency of the pumping unit increases, the output increases, The whole device is simple in structure and easy to realize. However, when adjusting the balance, it can only be adjusted when the crank balance block moves to a certain angle, and can not be adjusted at any angle of the crank balance block rotation. It can only be adjusted once in one stroke of the pumping unit, and the balance adjustment can be achieved by adjusting multiple strokes. The characteristic of the scheme 2 device is that the device has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, short adjustment process, and can be adjusted at any angle of the crank balance block motion, and the time consumed by the adjustment is shorter than that of the scheme 1. However, it needs external power supply in order to achieve it.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933.1

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