埋地液烃管道泄漏扩散及泄漏量测算研究进展

发布时间：2019-05-23 04:27

【摘要】：液烃管道发生泄漏时,泄漏量和泄漏扩散区域的有效预测是停输、封堵方案优化设计的基础,也是实现其安全、环保、经济运行的可靠保证。总结了管道泄漏时管内流动和管外扩散相关研究(水热力瞬变、液柱分离、土壤中的渗流扩散)的现状和局限性。发现泄漏过程中管内流动涉及气体释放、空穴流和液柱分离等气液两相快瞬变过程和准稳态慢瞬变过程,存在流动传热相变耦合以及多种约束条件影响等问题,其过程及机理尚未得到完整有效揭示。同时,泄漏管段外的环境条件对管流和管道破损处出流的影响,以及泄漏液烃在环境中的渗流扩散规律尚未得到完整揭示。评述了液烃管道泄漏过程中流动传热及泄漏量计算的国内外研究成果,并梳理了相关的实验研究。最后指出了考虑液烃相变的气液两相瞬变流动、管道破损处的出流特性、泄漏液烃在复杂环境条件下流动扩散和渗流规律、计算泄漏量、以泄漏量最小为目标优化停输方案是该领域今后研究的关键问题和发展方向。
[Abstract]:When leakage occurs in liquid hydrocarbon pipeline, the effective prediction of leakage and leakage diffusion area is the basis of optimal design of shutdown and blockage scheme, and it is also a reliable guarantee to realize its safety, environmental protection and economic operation. The present situation and limitations of related research on in-tube flow and external diffusion (water-thermal transient, liquid column separation, seepage diffusion in soil) during pipeline leakage are summarized. It is found that the flow in the tube involves gas release, hole flow and liquid column separation, such as gas-liquid two-phase fast transient process and quasi-steady-state slow transient process, and there are some problems, such as the coupling of flow heat transfer phase transition and the influence of various constraint conditions. Its process and mechanism have not been fully and effectively revealed. At the same time, the influence of the environmental conditions outside the leakage section on the pipe flow and the outflow of the pipeline breakage, as well as the seepage diffusion law of the leakage liquid hydrocarbon in the environment have not been fully revealed. The research results of flow heat transfer and leakage calculation in the process of liquid hydrocarbon pipeline leakage at home and abroad are reviewed, and the related experimental studies are combed. Finally, the gas-liquid two-phase transient flow considering liquid-hydrocarbon phase transition, the outflow characteristics of pipeline breakage, the flow diffusion and seepage law of leaking liquid hydrocarbon under complex environmental conditions are pointed out, and the leakage is calculated. It is the key problem and development direction of future research in this field to optimize the shutdown scheme with the goal of minimum leakage.
【作者单位】：中国石油大学(北京)/城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室;中石化北海液化天然气有限责任公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“成品油管道批次输送过程中的复杂传热传质机理研究”,51474228 北京市科学研究与研究生培养共建项目“成品油管道泄漏量预测及停输方案的优化研究”,ZX20150440
【分类号】：TE88

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