超高压泵头体材料模拟试验平台的研制

发布时间：2019-05-28 10:13

【摘要】：随着我国社会的不断发展,我国石油的供求矛盾不断增大,大量石油需要进口。因此,提高石油的采收率成为当务之急,而压裂设备正是提高石油采收率的关键设备。目前,我国的压裂设备在功率和寿命方面与美国等发达国家还有一定差距。为了缩短差距,国家投入了大量的人力和物力对此进行研究。泵头体是压裂设备的核心部件之一,它承受着高压循环载荷的冲击和工作介质的侵蚀。在工作过程中,压裂设备中所使用的泵头体部分易出现早期失效的现象。由于泵头体的制造成本高昂,设计制造不同材料的泵头体做试验需要巨额的试验成本。本课题旨在研究建立一个模拟试验平台,最大程度地模拟泵头体实际的工作环境,观察在交变循环的超高压下泵头体材料的失效过程并比较泵头体材料的特性,以达到选取新材料的目的。本课题通过分析泵头体在真实工作环境中的受力情况,提出了要达到与实际受力环境相似模拟受力环境所需的五个基本参数,并据此指导压力产生装置的选择和试验样块的设计。试验样块是承受交变循环的超高压力的载体,并以试验样块能够承受的累计冲次数作为判断新材料好坏的依据。本文主要介绍了模拟试验平台的工作原理,整体规划,主系统和数据采集系统。其中,主系统包括:压力产生装置,机械装置,高压调节机构及其控制部分。而数据采集系统包括电机数据采集部分,传感器数据采集部分,图像采集与图像识别部分,声发射数据采集部分。在试验过程中,此平台通过电机数据采集系统能够实时监测电机的运行状况,通过传感器数据采集部分能够实时采集和监测压力、位移、应变及环境温度等数据的变化,利用声发射方式来判断裂纹的产生与扩展,并运用图像采集与图像识别的方式判断材料最终失效。该模拟试验平台通过试验证明的方式达到了选取泵头体新材料的目的,对新材料的选取有着非常重大的意义。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of our society, the contradiction between supply and demand of oil in our country is increasing, and a large number of oil needs to be imported. Therefore, it is urgent to improve oil recovery, and fracturing equipment is the key equipment to improve oil recovery. At present, there is still a certain gap between China's fracturing equipment and developed countries such as the United States in terms of power and life. In order to shorten the gap, the state has invested a lot of human and material resources to study it. Pump head is one of the core components of fracturing equipment, which bears the impact of high pressure cycle load and the erosion of working medium. In the process of work, the part of pump head used in fracturing equipment is prone to early failure. Because of the high manufacturing cost of the pump head body, it takes a huge test cost to design and manufacture the pump head body with different materials. The purpose of this paper is to establish a simulation test platform to simulate the actual working environment of the pump head to the greatest extent, to observe the failure process of the pump head material under the ultra-high pressure of alternating cycle, and to compare the characteristics of the pump head material. In order to achieve the purpose of selecting new materials. Based on the analysis of the force acting on the pump head body in the real working environment, this paper puts forward five basic parameters needed to simulate the stress environment similar to the actual stress environment. According to this, the selection of pressure generating device and the design of test sample block are guided. The test sample block is the carrier of ultra-high pressure under alternating cycle, and the cumulative impact times that the test sample block can bear is used as the basis to judge the quality of the new material. This paper mainly introduces the working principle, overall planning, main system and data acquisition system of the simulation test platform. The main system includes pressure generating device, mechanical device, high pressure regulating mechanism and its control part. The data acquisition system includes motor data acquisition, sensor data acquisition, image acquisition and image recognition, acoustic emission data acquisition. In the test process, the platform can monitor the operation of the motor in real time through the motor data acquisition system, and the data changes of pressure, displacement, strain and environment temperature can be collected and monitored in real time through the sensor data acquisition part. Acoustic emission (AE) is used to judge the generation and propagation of cracks, and image acquisition and image recognition are used to judge the final failure of the material. The simulation test platform has achieved the purpose of selecting new materials for pump head through experiments, which is of great significance to the selection of new materials.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE934.2

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