涡轮钻具能量传输系统及叶型优化

发布时间：2019-05-28 13:17

【摘要】：涡轮钻具作为井下动力钻井的核心技术,在石油工业领域有着广泛的应用。国外得益于工业的历史积累,在采用涡轮钻具配合孕镶金刚石和井下随钻测量系统,使得其在复杂地质和斜井钻井等领域遥遥领先。研究涡轮钻具有助于我国加强对深海油田、页岩气等的探测、开采水平。涡轮钻具涡是高压泥浆直接流经由若干定子转子依次排列的涡轮节,推动涡轮转动后直接带动钻头的一种井下动力装置。它具有较高的转速和优良的稳定性,同时整体结构中不含橡胶。因而涡轮钻具在对稳定性较高的斜井钻进中,和极端工况下的钻井需求中应用广泛。为了设计符合要求的涡轮钻具,本文开展了以下几方面的工作:采用一维计算来整体确定涡轮钻具的涡轮节数目、单节几何尺寸、压降等参数,之后通过Numeca针对涡轮节的叶片进行三维造型设计。对于设计好的动静叶栅利用数值模拟来验证涡轮钻具的工作性能,并对涡轮钻具的流动情况进行分析。数值模拟的结果表明,在一维设计不考虑钻井液粘度的情况下设计的涡轮钻具存在着因为效率较低和流量不足两方面导致的做功能力不够,难以满足设计要求。为了达到设计需求并且优化涡轮节的性能针对原设计方案进行了优化改进,分析了流动与载荷分布情况后综合因素选取了更为合适的设计方案。经过将流道宽度的设计规律改为近似线性减小的方案后,涡轮内效率由72.6%提升至80.3%使得方案可以满足设计需求。综合分析了厚度、弯曲。中弧线对叶型的影响后设计的涡轮节单节可以在压降为72.5KPa的条件下输出2383W的功率,满足了设计要求2353W的单节功率。同时留有一定的做功潜力,在将驱动压力增大到设计约束极限95KPa时,在转速不变时可以将单节的涡轮钻具输出功率提升到3611W。最后探究了涡轮钻具在变工况时的表现情况并且简单比较了工况变化对涡轮钻具性能的影响。粘度对叶片做功性能的变化比较复杂。涡轮钻具因为对钻井液携屑能力的要求使得其粘度较大。粘度对性能的影响并不呈线性关系,并且主要影响效率和压降两个因素。
[Abstract]:As the core technology of downhole power drilling, turbodrill has a wide range of applications in the field of petroleum industry. Foreign countries benefit from the historical accumulation of industry, which makes it far ahead in the fields of complex geology and inclined well drilling by using turbodrill tools combined with embedded diamond and downhole drilling measurement system. The study of turbodrill tools is helpful to strengthen the detection and exploitation level of deep-sea oil fields, shale gas and so on. Turbine drill tool vortex is a kind of downhole power device in which high pressure mud flows directly through turbine joints arranged in turn by several stator rotors and drives the drill bit directly after the turbine rotates. It has high speed and excellent stability, and there is no rubber in the whole structure. Therefore, turbodrill is widely used in inclined well drilling with high stability and drilling demand under extreme working conditions. In order to design turbine drill tools that meet the requirements, the following work has been carried out in this paper: one dimensional calculation is used to determine the number of turbine joints, geometric size of single section, pressure drop and other parameters of turbine drill tools as a whole. After that, the three-dimensional modeling design of turbine joint blade is carried out by Numeca. The designed dynamic and static cascades are used to verify the working performance of turbodrill tools, and the flow of turbodrill tools is analyzed. The results of numerical simulation show that the turbine drill designed without considering the viscosity of drilling fluid in one dimensional design has insufficient working ability due to low efficiency and insufficient flow rate, which is difficult to meet the design requirements. In order to meet the design requirements and optimize the performance of turbine joints, the original design scheme is optimized and improved, and a more suitable design scheme is selected after analyzing the flow and load distribution. After changing the design law of runner width to the scheme of approximate linear reduction, the efficiency in turbine is increased from 72.6% to 80.3%, so that the scheme can meet the design requirements. The thickness and bending are analyzed comprehensively. After the influence of the middle arc on the blade profile, the turbine section can output 2383W power under the condition of pressure drop to 72.5KPa, which meets the design requirement of 2353W single section power. At the same time, there is a certain potential to do work. When the driving pressure is increased to the design constraint limit 95KPa, the output power of the single turbodrill can be increased to 3611W when the rotating speed is constant. Finally, the performance of turbodrill under variable working conditions is discussed, and the effects of working conditions on the performance of turbodrill are simply compared. The change of viscosity to the work performance of blade is more complex. Turbine drilling tool has high viscosity because of the requirement of drilling fluid chip carrying capacity. The effect of viscosity on properties is not linear, and mainly affects efficiency and pressure drop.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE921.2

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