谐振冲击下钻头破岩机理研究

发布时间：2019-06-09 19:51

【摘要】：近年来,随着油气田勘探开发的深入,油气钻井逐渐由浅部地层向深部地层转变,钻遇地层岩石硬度增大、可钻性级值增高,机械钻速降低、破岩效率降低,钻井成本升高,因此在各种钻井技术中高效钻井破岩技术就凸显了自身的重要性。目前国内外学者对冲击振动钻井技术进行了研究,从工程技术角度揭示了其提高机械钻速的机理,但同时考虑到冲击振动和钻进运动的研究很少,因此,本文在考虑两种运动的基础上针对谐振冲击下钻头破岩机理展开研究。基于机械振动理论,将冲击振动和钻进运动相结合,建立了考虑两种运动的钻进系统力学模型,并对模型进行理论求解,分析各参数的影响,同时利用数值模拟和室内试验相结合的手段验证了模型的正确性和实用性,揭示了谐振冲击下钻头破岩机理。取得了以下的研究结论:1.将冲击振动理论和钻进运动相结合,建立了谐振冲击下破岩实验系统的简化物理模型,并提出了利用岩石的运动位移衡量其抵抗破碎的难易程度的方式,同时引进了无因次振动参数对模型进行求解,分析了谐振冲击下岩石在不同时间段的运动过程。2.通过对模型进行理论分析,揭示了钻头侵入岩石的深度随着静态载荷、动态载荷和冲击频率的增加而逐渐增加,并且当冲击频率和岩石自身固有频率相接近时,侵入岩石的深度达到最大值;同时侵入岩石的深度随着岩石硬度的增大而逐渐减小。3.利用有限元模拟和室内试验分析两种方法对谐振冲击下破岩力学模型进行了验证。验证结果和理论分析结果相吻合,证明了模型的的正确性和实用性。本文的研究对谐振冲击钻井在现场的实施应用具有一定的指导意义和使用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the deepening of oil and gas field exploration and development, oil and gas drilling has gradually changed from shallow formation to deep formation, the rock hardness of drilling formation increases, the drillability grade value increases, the drilling speed decreases, the rock breaking efficiency decreases, and the drilling cost increases. Therefore, in all kinds of drilling technology, efficient drilling rock breaking technology highlights its own importance. At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied the impact vibration drilling technology, and revealed the mechanism of improving the drilling speed from the point of view of engineering technology, but at the same time, considering that the research of impact vibration and drilling motion is very few, therefore, In this paper, the rock breaking mechanism of bit under resonant impact is studied on the basis of considering two kinds of motion. Based on the mechanical vibration theory and the combination of impact vibration and drilling motion, a mechanical model of drilling system considering two kinds of motion is established, and the model is solved theoretically, and the influence of each parameter is analyzed. At the same time, the correctness and practicability of the model are verified by means of numerical simulation and laboratory test, and the rock breaking mechanism of bit under resonant impact is revealed. The following conclusions have been obtained: 1. Based on the theory of impact vibration and drilling motion, a simplified physical model of rock breaking experimental system under resonant impact is established, and a way to measure the difficulty of rock breaking resistance by using the motion displacement of rock is put forward. At the same time, the dimensionless vibration parameters are introduced to solve the model, and the movement process of rock in different time periods under resonant impact is analyzed. Through the theoretical analysis of the model, it is revealed that the depth of bit invading rock increases gradually with the increase of static load, dynamic load and impact frequency, and when the impact frequency is close to the natural frequency of rock itself, The depth of intrusive rock reaches the maximum. At the same time, the depth of intrusive rock decreases gradually with the increase of rock hardness. The mechanical model of rock breaking under resonant impact is verified by finite element simulation and laboratory test analysis. The verification results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results, which proves the correctness and practicability of the model. The research in this paper has certain guiding significance and application value for the implementation and application of resonant impact drilling in the field.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE21

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