顺应论视角下媒体中“强势模因”的形成机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 03:11

本文选题：模因论 + 强势模因　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和科技的进步,新兴的语言表达方式层出不穷。模因论为研究语言的发展变化提供了崭新的理论框架。模因论是仿拟达尔文进化论中的基因进化观点,来解释文化进化的理论。模因由Dawkins(1976)提出,意为“被模仿的东西”。模因论认为语言本身就是模因。作为语言模因,新表达方式得到复制,新表达方式产生的创意也同样得到复制和传播。流传范围广,受众认知程度高,表达方式相对固定,出现频率高的新表达方式在模因论中称为强势模因。近年来,随着大众媒体与网络媒体的资源互补与媒体融合,大量模因从产生,传播到广泛使用的时间越来越短,并通过媒体的广泛使用和进一步传播而成为强势模因。这些强势模因传播速度之快,流传范围之广,影响范围之大引起了社会的广泛关注。模因论作为新兴的语用学理论,发展历程相对较短。国外对模因论的研究直至1999年,才由Susan Blackmore尔初步确立的理论框架。2000年后,Levinson, Millikan, Distin, Chilton, Johansson等语言学家先后用模因论来解释文化、思想和语言的进化问题。模因论于2002年引入国内,之后何自然开始致力于模因论的研究,他在《模因论与社会语用》《语言中的模因》等期刊文章中将模因论应用于研究具体的语言现象。目前国内模因论的研究仅局限于某个特定语域内部模因特点,类型,以及复制传播过程的研究和分析,理论框架尚未完善。对“强势模因”的研究,也仅仅局限于对其特点的归纳总结,并没有对其成功并广泛传播的形成机制进行理论分析,而模因论的整体架构也没有关于“强势模因”形成的进一步理论解释。目前尚未有结合媒体特点,运用顺应论并结合模因产生复制传播的全过程来分析“强势模因”的研究先例。本文以Dawkins(1976)提出的强势模因特点：保真度,多产性及长寿性为语料选取标准,搜集大量近年来英文媒体中出现的强势模因做为研究语料来进行定性分析。为了确保语料的合理性和客观性,所有语料均使用模因搜索引擎memetracker进行了搜索和测试。本文尝试从Verschueren(1987)提出的顺应论角度出发,结合媒体的特点和模因复制传播的动态全过程构建一个全面的理论框架来对语料进行分析,并试图回答如下三个研究问题：1.在诸多意思相似的表达方式中,人们为什么会选择某个潜在的强势模因来进行表达和交流?2.大众媒体和网络媒体是如何促进潜在强势模因的复制和传播的?3.媒体中强势模因的形成机制是什么? 本文研究得出三个结论。首先,模因进入宿主记忆后,宿主交流时选择模因这种表达方式是由顺应驱使的。在不同意识程度下,宿主选择模因这种语言结构去顺应语境相关成分,其中包括人们的心理世界、社交世界和物理世界等需求,来实现自己的交际目的。而潜在强势模因良好的语境顺应性使其在意思相同的众多表达方式中脱颖而出,成为宿主选择的表达方式。其次,宿主表达出的潜在强势模因通过媒体传播,传统媒体与网络媒体的传播优势推动模因同化更多的宿主。最后,更多的宿主携带潜在强势模因进入复制传递过程,并在迅速有力,受众面广的媒体推动下不断复制传递,向更大的受众群体迅速传播,最终成为强势模因。这一研究具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。在理论方面,本文分析并指出了强势模因成功传播的原因和机制,填补模因论中关于“强势模因”迅速形成和成功传播内在机制的理论空缺。在实践方面,通过研究,希望能更好的理解媒体融合时代与信息爆炸背景下新兴表达方式在媒体中迅速传播与广泛使用的原因,促进传播学与语言文字的发展。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the new language expression patterns emerge in endlessly. Memetics provides a new theoretical framework for the study of the development and change of language. Memetics is the theory of genetic evolution in the Darwin evolution theory to explain the theory of cultural evolution. The model is proposed by Dawkins (1976), meaning "something imitated." Memetics holds that language itself is a meme. As a meme of language, new expressions are replicated as a meme of language. Ideas produced by new expressions have also been replicated and disseminate. Mass media and network media are complementary to the media and media integration. A large number of memes have become more and more short of time from generation to widespread use, and become strong memes through the extensive use and further dissemination of the media. These powerful memes are spreading rapidly and widely spread, and the wide range of influence has aroused widespread concern in the society.
Memetics is a new theory of pragmatics, the development process is relatively short. Foreign research on memetics until 1999, the theoretical framework established by Susan Blackmore was initially established in.2000 years later, Levinson, Millikan, Distin, Chilton, Johansson and other linguists have used memetics to explain the evolution of culture, thought and language. Because the theory of memetics was introduced into the country in 2002, he began to work on memetics, and he applied memetics to specific language phenomena in periodicals such as memetics and socio pragmatics > meme >. At present, the research of Memetics in China is limited to the internal memetics, types, and replicas in a particular register. The research and analysis of sowing process has not been perfected. The study of "strong meme" is only limited to the summary of its characteristics, and does not analyze the formation mechanism of its successful and widespread dissemination, and the overall framework of memetics has no further theoretical explanation on the formation of "strong memes". Without the characteristics of the media, we use the theory of adaptation and the whole process of meme producing replication to analyze the research precedent of "strong meme".
In this paper, the characteristics of the strong memes proposed by Dawkins (1976): fidelity, prolificacy and longevity are the criteria for the selection of language materials. A large number of strong memes in English media have been collected for qualitative analysis in recent years. In order to ensure the rationality and objectivity of the corpus, all the materials use the meme search engine memetracker. This paper attempts to search and test. This article attempts to analyze the corpus from the perspective of adaptation theory proposed by Verschueren (1987) and construct a comprehensive theoretical framework based on the characteristics of the media and the dynamic whole process of meme replication. And try to answer the following three research questions: 1. what are people in many similar expressions of meaning Do you choose a potential powerful meme to express and communicate? 2. how do mass media and Internet media promote the replication and dissemination of potential powerful memes? What is the formation mechanism of strong memes in the 3. media?
In this paper, three conclusions are drawn. Firstly, after the meme enters the memory of the host, the expression mode of the host communication is driven by adaptation. At different levels of consciousness, the host selection model is based on this language structure to conform to the contextual components, including the needs of the people's mental world, the social world and the physical world. The potential strong models stand out in the many expressions that have the same meaning and become the expression of the host choice. Secondly, the potential strong models expressed by the host are propagated through the media, and the advantages of the traditional media and network media promote the assimilation of more hosts. Finally, more hosts carry the potential powerful memes into the replicative transfer process, and continue to copy and transfer under the prompt and powerful media of a wide audience, and spread quickly to a larger audience, and eventually become a powerful meme.
This study has a certain theoretical and practical significance. In theory, this paper analyzes and points out the reasons and mechanisms of the successful transmission of strong memes, and fills the theoretical vacancy in the theory of memetics about the rapid formation and successful communication of "strong memes". In practice, through research, we hope to better understand the media melts. Under the background of the era and information explosion, the reasons for the rapid spread and widespread use of new expressions in the media have promoted the development of communication and language.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

【参考文献】