网页快照的版权法问题思考

发布时间：2018-05-21 13:52

本文选题：网页快照 + 转化性使用　；参考：《北京邮电大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：网页快照是网络服务商提供的互联网服务,不仅包括单个页面的快照还包括对网页中特定内容(如图片和歌词)的快照。网页快照因具有功能和表达上的创造性而构成对原始作品的转化性使用。网页快照引起的网络著作权纠纷表面看是版权人和搜索引擎运营商利益之争,实际上存在着更重要的第三种利益——社会公众的利益。在快照版权纠纷中,快照行为和搜索行为如影随形,适用法律认定责任时必须结合实际情况分析和鉴别“快照”行为和“搜索”两个行为。网页快照侵犯的是版权人的信息网络传播权,是对信息网络传播权的直接侵犯,无需主观过错。然而,快照技术符合经济学上的帕累托最优规则,因其转化性使用性质和公众有益性而具有存在的价值,因此有必要对版权人的权利进行合理的限制。当排除适用实质性非侵权使用规则、避风港条款和默示许可各种抗辩理由后,快照合法性的出路在于合理使用制度,这与版权法的核心价值相一致。面对互联网技术的快速发展,我国规则主义立法模式下的合理使用制度彰显出滞后性和僵硬性,因此有必要在一定程度上借鉴因素主义立法模式。相比之下《伯尔尼公约》和《TRIPs协定》的合理使用“三步检验法”优于美国合理使用“经典四要素”,更能够适应时代的发展。在“三步检验法”下对我国快照案例进行判决和推理的过程是一个符合逻辑的推理过程,不会出现判决结果和判决理由的脱节,并且能够避免“法律身份决定法律行为”的逻辑错误。文章一共分为绪论、三个章节和结语。绪论部分介绍了我国的三起“快照”典型案例,通过分析案情引出文章接下来要探讨的诸多法律问题；第一章从技术原理分析入手概括了快照的内涵,通过与相关技术的比较分析探讨了网页快照和搜索服务的区别,并总结了快照纠纷的特性；第二章对快照服务下的侵权责任进行了探讨,得出快照直接侵犯版权人信息网络传播权的结论,并排除了“实质性非侵权使用规则”、“避风港条款”和“默示许可”抗辩理由的适用；第三章探讨了快照和合理使用制度,探讨了快照语境下的合理使用规则主义立法模式和因素主义立法模式,指出我国合理使用制度存在的问题并提出立法建议。
[Abstract]:Web snapshot is an Internet service provided by web service provider, which includes not only the snapshot of a single page, but also a snapshot of specific content (such as pictures and lyrics) in a web page. Web snapshots constitute a transformative use of original works because of their functional and expressive creativity. The online copyright dispute caused by the web page snapshot is apparently a dispute between the copyright owner and the search engine operator. In fact, there is a more important third kind of benefit-the public interest. In the copyright dispute of snapshots, the act of snapshot and the act of searching follow each other. When applying the law to recognize the responsibility, we must analyze and identify the act of "snapshot" and "search" according to the actual situation. Web page snapshot infringes the copyright owner's right of information network communication, and it is a direct infringement of information network communication right without subjective fault. However, snapshot technology accords with the Pareto optimal rule in economics and has the value of existence because of its transformative nature and public benefit. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the rights of copyright owners reasonably. After excluding the application of substantive non-tort rules, havens and implied permission, the way out of the legitimacy of snapshot lies in the system of reasonable use, which is consistent with the core value of copyright law. In the face of the rapid development of Internet technology, the reasonable use of the system under the ruleism legislation model in our country shows the lag and rigidity, so it is necessary to draw lessons from the factorism legislative model to a certain extent. In contrast, the reasonable use of the "three-step test" of the Berne Convention and the "TRIPs Agreement" is superior to the rational use of the "classic four elements" by the United States, and is more suitable for the development of the times. The process of judgment and reasoning of snapshot cases in China under the "three-step test method" is a logical reasoning process, and there will not be a disconnect between the result of judgment and the reason of judgment. And it can avoid the logic error of "legal status determines legal act". The article is divided into introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction part introduces three typical cases of "snapshot" in China, and through the analysis of the case, leads to a lot of legal problems to be discussed. Chapter one summarizes the connotation of snapshot from the analysis of technical principle. Through the comparative analysis with the related technology, this paper discusses the difference between web page snapshot and search service, and summarizes the characteristics of snapshot dispute. Chapter two discusses the tort liability under snapshot service. Draw the conclusion that snapshot directly infringes the copyright owner's right of information network communication, and exclude the application of "substantive non-infringing use rules", "safe haven clause" and "implied permission". Chapter three discusses the snapshot and reasonable use system. This paper probes into the legislation mode of reasonable use rule doctrine and factor doctrine legislation mode in the context of snapshot, points out the problems existing in the system of rational use in our country, and puts forward some legislative suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.41

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