海洋生物多样性信息资源

发布时间：2018-06-01 03:22

本文选题：海洋生物 + 生物多样性信息学　；参考：《生物多样性》2014年03期

【摘要】：海洋生物多样性甚高,但却饱受人为的破坏及干扰。目前全球最大的含点位数据的在线开放性数据库是海洋生物地理信息系统(OBIS),共约12万种3,700万笔资料;另一个较大的数据库世界海洋生物物种登录(WoRMS)已收集全球22万种海洋生物之物种分类信息。除此之外,以海洋生物为主的单一类群的数据库只有鱼库(FishBase)、藻库(AlgaeBase)及世界六放珊瑚(Hexacorallians of the World)3个。跨类群及跨陆海域的全球性物种数据库则甚多,如网络生命大百科(EOL)、全球生物物种名录(CoL)、整合分类信息系统(ITIS)、维基物种(Wikispecies)、ETI生物信息(ETI Bioinformatics)、生命条形码(BOL)、基因库(GenBank)、生物多样性历史文献图书馆(BHL)、海洋生物库(SeaLifeBase);海洋物种鉴定入口网(Marine Species Identification Portal)、FAO渔业及水产养殖概要(FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Fact Sheets)等可查询以分类或物种解说为主的数据库。全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)、发现生命(Discover Life)、水生物图库(AquaMaps)等则是以生态分布数据为主,且可作地理分布图并提供下载功能,甚至于可以改变水温、盐度等环境因子的参数值,利用既定的模式作参数改变后之物种分布预测。谷歌地球(Google Earth)及国家地理(National Geographic)网站中的海洋子网页,以及珊瑚礁库(ReefBase)等官方机构或非政府组织之网站,则大多以海洋保育的教育倡导为主,所提供的信息及素材可谓包罗万象,令人目不暇给。更令用户感到方便的是上述许多网站或数据库彼此间均已可交互链接及查询。另外,属于搜索引擎的谷歌图片(Google Images)与谷歌学术(Google Scholar)透过海洋生物数据库所提供的直接链接,在充实物种生态图片与学术论文上亦发挥极大帮助,让用户获得丰富多样的信息。为了保育之目的,生物多样性数据库除了整合与公开分享外,还应鼓励并推荐大家来使用。本文乃举Rainer Froese在巴黎演讲之内容为例,介绍如何使用海洋生物多样性之数据来预测气候变迁对鱼类分布的影响。最后就中国大陆与台湾目前海洋生物多样性数据库的现况、两岸的合作及如何与国际接轨作介绍。
[Abstract]:Marine biodiversity is very high, but suffered from man-made damage and interference. At present, the largest online open database with point data in the world is the Marine Life Geographic Information system (MGIs), which contains about 120000 species and 37 million items of data. Another large database, the World Marine species Registry (WoRMS), has collected information on the classification of 220000 species of marine life around the world. In addition, there are only three databases for a single group of marine organisms, such as Fish Base, Algae Base and Hexacorallians of the World). There are many global databases of species across groups and oceans, For example, EOLO, Global Directory of Biological species, Integrated Classification Information system (ITISI), Wikispecies / ETI Bioinformatics, Life Barcode Bol, GenBank, Biodiversity History Library BHLB, SeaLifeBaseBase; The species identification entrance net of Species Identification Portala can query the database of classification or explanation of species, such as FAO fishery and aquiculture summary. The Global Biodiversity Information Network (GBIFN) found that life is Discover Life, AquaMapsand so on are mainly based on ecological distribution data, and can make geographical distribution maps and provide download functions, and can even change the parameters of environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, etc. The established model is used to predict the species distribution after parameter change. The ocean subpages of Google Earth and National Geographic, as well as the websites of official agencies or non-governmental organizations such as ReefBase.com, are mostly educational advocates of marine conservation, and the information and materials available are comprehensive. It's too much to see. What is more convenient for users is that many of these websites or databases can be interlinked and queried. In addition, Google Images, a search engine, and Google Scholar, a search engine, have provided direct links through marine biological databases to help enrich species ecological images and academic papers, giving users a wealth of information. In addition to integration and public sharing, biodiversity databases should be encouraged and recommended for conservation purposes. This paper introduces how to use marine biodiversity data to predict the impact of climate change on the distribution of fish, taking Rainer Froese's speech in Paris as an example. Finally, the current situation of marine biodiversity databases between mainland China and Taiwan, the cooperation between the two sides and how to connect with the world are introduced.
【作者单位】：中研院生物多样性研究中心;
【分类号】：Q178.53

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