高校图书馆网站可用性评价研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 08:36

【摘要】：随着社会信息化水平的不断提升,以及高校数字化、智能化校园建设进程的不断推进,高校教师和学生利用图书馆的方式也在悄然发生着的变化,高校图书馆网站的用户接待量逐年递增,对网站建设水平和接待能力都提出了更高的要求。目前大多数高校图书馆网站的建设和管理者,还主要将精力投放在高校图书馆网站的美观性、宣传性方面,对高校图书馆网站可用性的认识及研究还远有引起相关各方的足够重视。一直以来,我们认为高校图书馆网站面向的是本校的教职工和学生,对他们来说图书馆是不可替代的。近些年来,网络学术搜索引擎、学术社区的兴起吸引着越来越多的科研人员。高校图书馆网站的可用性如果不高,也足以将其用户推向如Google Scholar、小木虫之类的网上学术门户,如此则高校图书馆网站就走上了一条被边缘化的道路。目前国外对高校图书馆网站可用性问题的研究,无论在研究视角、研究思路、模型构建,还是评价方法的运用上,均呈现出多样化的态势。而我国对高校图书馆网站可用性的相关研究还处于吸收和借鉴国外研究成果的阶段,目前主要涉及基于信息构建的可用性研究、基于界面设计的可用性研究和基于检索效率的可用性研究三个方面,针对高校图书馆网站的可用性研究还有待深入、全面地开展。本研究将与高校图书馆网站可用性评价密切相关的三个基础性问题作为研究核心,具体是：1)高校图书馆网站的使用境况研究；2)高校图书馆网站可用性的维度构成及其影响要素研究；3)高校图书馆网站可用性评价模型及其有效性检验。分析过程及研究结论如下： 1)高校图书馆网站的使用境况方面可用性问题是与用户的任务和使用环境密切关联的,从工效学的视角看,高校图书馆网站建设者的用户模型须与用户对网站的心理模型保持一致。从信息任务的视角看,高可用性的网站应该按照反映用户任务并与用户任务匹配的方式来构建。本研究在使用境况分析上主要关注高校图书馆网站的界面要素、用户特征及用户使用倾向／偏好等。针对高校图书馆网站的用户使用和栏目设置形成专题调查问卷：在栏目设置的调查上,所有题项及选项均出自于国家首批9所985高校的图书馆网站；在用户使用的调查上,则着重了解用户的使用目的、习惯和偏好。对问卷数据采用描述性统计、探索性因子分析等方法,经分析得出如下结论：(1)资源与服务类栏目应当在高校图书馆网站的首页面占据重要地位；(2)概况与推介类栏目在高校图书馆网站的首页面被过多地呈现；(3)二级栏目的展开程度向概况与推介类栏目侧重的情况比较严重；(4)展开项在7个及以上的二级栏目存在着较大的简化和优化空间；(5)高校图书馆网站的栏目名称需考虑用户的接受程度；(6)高校图书馆网站建设应重点关注主要用户群体的功能期望和使用习惯。 2)高校图书馆网站可用性的维度构成及其影响要素方面考虑到高校图书馆网站的可用性评价研究是无法经由完全的经验分析而完成的,且影响一个网站可用性的要素似乎是不可穷尽的,因此,本研究引入了科学的研究和分析方法,以提炼关键因素,消除直觉或经验研究带来的主观随意性。本研究在综合相关研究成果的基础上,针对高校图书馆网站的可用性问题,提炼出了25个测量项。对形成的问卷进行了预检验后进行了发放,回收的有效问卷经四轮的探索性因子分析,观察变量由25依次精简为20、19、17个,最终17个影响高校图书馆网站可用性的观察变量被清晰地划分到了4个公因子/潜在变量(或可用性维度)下面。依据网站可用性的4个维度,将高校图书馆网站的可用性维度命名为：主观满意度、有效性、可学习性、效率,同时,也获得了高校图书馆网站可用性评价模型的因子结构,并依此模型提出了高校图书馆网站可用性评价的21个研究假设。此外,本研究将性别、身份、学科背景、上网经验、使用高校图书馆的频率这五个控制变量也引入了理论模型,采用方差分析,研究各潜在变量在每个控制变量不同取值分组上的均值之间是否具有统计意义上的显著差异,以验证个体特征对各个潜在变量的控制效应。得出如下结论：(1)以性别和学科背景为分组变量的方差分析结果是,性别和学科背景对可用性各潜在变量的影响无显著差异；(2)以用户身份、上网经验和使用频率为分组变量的方差分析结果是,用户身份、上网经验和使用频率对可用性各潜在变量的影响有显著差异。 3)高校图书馆网站可用性评价模型及其有效性检验方面在实际的应用中,从某一样本数据经探索性分析而获得的模型,必须经另一样本的验证分析,才能确立此模型的适用性。本研究针对高校图书馆网站的可用性评价也进行了两次调查,利用第一次调查的数据进行了探索性因子分析,利用第二次调查的数据进行了验证性因子分析,形成一个完整的闭环研究程式,以保证研究方法的严谨性、科学性。验证性因子模型的检验经一阶模型的设定、估计、拟合、修正及再检验,最终提出了一个二阶四因子模型(模型4)。在综合考虑模型简约度和拟合优度的基础上,本研究将高校图书馆网站的可用性评价模型确定为模型4,并将其作为实证研究结论的基础。根据模型4的检验结果,本文经第一次调查问卷的探索新因子分析而提出的21个研究假设均获得了模型4的强支持。不仅如此,在模型2、3、4中均呈现显著的4条新增路径显示：路径长度与点击成本之间、服务反馈速度与等待成本之间、记忆负担与认知负荷之间、认知负荷与易用程度之间均存在显著的共变关系,这些新增路径是需要进一步探索的研究结论。 (1)论文提出将用户的使用境况纳入网站的可用性评价范畴,并通过问卷调查和数据分析,刻画了高校图书馆网站的使用境况；(2)论文运用人机工效学的理论方法进行可用性评价要素的提炼和分析,采用结构模型分析方法构建出了一个适宜于高校图书馆网站的可用性评价模型并对所构建的模型进行了检验；(3)论文通过将可用性评价模型的检验结果与使用境况调研结果的整合分析归结出了高校图书馆网站的可用性提升方案。本文综合分析前人研究成果的基础上,综合运用了文献综述法、问卷调查法、数据分析与检验法等多种研究方法,利用SPSS20.0和AMOS20.0为数据分析工具,将可用性境况的调查研究与可用性模型的构建和检验整合起来,针对高校图书馆网站,发现了一些实际存在的可用性问题,并根据分析数据提出了高校图书馆网站的可用性提升方案,力求最大化其整合分析效能,所获得的研究结论和分析发现对高校图书馆网站的可用性理论研究和建设实践有一定的借鉴性和参考性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the level of social informationization, as well as the digitalization of colleges and universities, the process of intelligent campus construction, college teachers and students are quietly changing the way to use the library, the user reception of university library website is increasing year by year, which puts forward higher requirements for the level of website construction and reception capacity. At present, most of the construction and managers of University libraries'Websites mainly focus on the aesthetic and propaganda aspects of University libraries' websites. The understanding and Research on the usability of University libraries'websites are still far from being paid enough attention by relevant parties.
In recent years, the rise of academic search engines and academic communities has attracted more and more researchers. If the usability of university library websites is not high, it is enough to push its users to. Online academic portals such as Google Scholar and Little Wooden Bug have led to the marginalization of University Library websites.
At present, foreign research on the usability of university library websites shows a diversified trend, no matter in the research perspective, research ideas, model construction, or the application of evaluation methods. Based on the usability research of information construction, the usability research based on interface design and the usability research based on retrieval efficiency, the usability research of university library website needs to be carried out thoroughly and comprehensively.
This study will focus on three basic issues closely related to the usability evaluation of University Library websites, which are: 1) the study of the usage situation of University Library websites; 2) the study of the dimension composition and its influencing factors of University Library websites; 3) the evaluation model and its effectiveness of University Library Websites The process and conclusions of the study are as follows:
1) the use of university library websites.
Usability is closely related to user's task and use environment. From the perspective of ergonomics, the user model of university library website builder must be consistent with the user's psychological model of the website. To build.
This study focuses on the user interface elements, user characteristics and user preferences of University Library websites. A special questionnaire is formed to investigate the user use and column settings of University Library websites. In the survey of users'usage, the focus is on the purpose, habits and preferences of users.
By using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: (1) the columns of resources and services should occupy an important position in the front page of the website of University libraries; (2) overview and promotion columns are overrepresented on the front page of the website of University libraries; (3) the development of secondary columns. It is more serious to lay stress on the general situation and promotion columns; (4) there is a large space for simplification and optimization of the expansion items in seven or more secondary columns; (5) the column names of university library websites should consider the degree of acceptance of users; (6) the construction of university library websites should focus on the functional expectations of major user groups and Usage habits.
2) the dimensions of university library website usability and its influencing factors.
Considering that the research on the usability evaluation of University libraries'websites can not be completed by full empirical analysis, and the factors affecting the usability of a website seem to be inexhaustible, this study introduces scientific research and analysis methods to refine the key factors and eliminate the subjective arbitrariness brought about by intuitive or empirical research.
On the basis of relevant research results, this study abstracts 25 items of measurement for the usability of University Library websites. After pre-testing the questionnaire, the valid questionnaires are distributed. After four rounds of exploratory factor analysis, the observed variables are reduced from 25 to 20, 19, 17 in turn, and finally 17 influence universities. The observational variables of library website usability are clearly divided into four common/potential variables (or usability dimensions).
According to the four dimensions of website usability, this paper names the usability dimensions of university library website as subjective satisfaction, effectiveness, learnability and efficiency, and obtains the factor structure of University Library Website Usability Evaluation model. Based on this model, 21 research hypotheses of university library website usability evaluation are put forward.
In addition, this study introduces the five control variables of gender, identity, academic background, Internet experience and the frequency of using University Libraries into the theoretical model. The variance analysis is used to study whether there are significant statistical differences between the mean values of each potential variable in different value groups of each control variable in order to verify the individual characteristic pairs. The results are as follows: (1) The variance analysis with gender and subject background as grouping variables shows that gender and subject background have no significant effect on the potential variables of usability; (2) The variance analysis with user identity, Internet experience and frequency as grouping variables shows that user identity is the most important factor. Net experience and usage frequency have significant differences in availability of potential variables.
3) usability evaluation model and validity inspection of university library website.
In practical application, the model obtained from exploratory analysis of one sample data must be verified and analyzed by another sample to establish the applicability of the model.This study also conducted two surveys on the usability evaluation of University Library websites, using the first survey data for exploratory factor analysis, using the first survey data. The data of the second survey were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, and a complete closed-loop research program was formed to ensure the rigor and scientificity of the research method.
After setting, estimating, fitting, revising and re-testing the first-order model, a second-order four-factor model (model 4) is proposed. On the basis of considering the simplicity and goodness of fit of the model, this study determines the usability evaluation model of university library website as model 4 and takes it as an empirical study. Conclusion is the basis.
According to the test results of model 4, 21 research hypotheses proposed by exploring new factor analysis in the first questionnaire obtained strong support from model 4. Moreover, in model 2, 3 and 4, there were four significant new paths: between path length and click cost, between service feedback speed and waiting cost, and between memory There is a significant covariant relationship between burden and cognitive load, and between cognitive load and ease of use. These new paths need to be further explored.
(1) The paper puts forward that the user's usage situation should be included in the usability evaluation category of the website, and describes the usage situation of the university library website through questionnaire survey and data analysis; (2) The paper uses ergonomics theory to refine and analyze the usability evaluation elements, and constructs a structure model analysis method. A usability evaluation model suitable for University libraries'websites is proposed and tested. (3) By integrating the results of usability evaluation model with the results of usage survey, the paper concludes the usability promotion scheme of University libraries' websites.
Based on the comprehensive analysis of predecessors'research results, this paper uses various research methods such as literature review, questionnaire survey, data analysis and test, and uses SPSS20.0 and AMOS20.0 as data analysis tools to integrate the research on usability situation with the construction and test of usability model, aiming at University Library website. This paper finds out some practical usability problems, and puts forward a scheme of improving the usability of university library website according to the analysis data, in order to maximize its integration and analysis efficiency. The research conclusions and analysis findings have certain reference value for the usability theory research and construction practice of University Library website.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G250.7

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