射电望远镜无线电干扰监测方法和数据分析的研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 14:02

本文关键词：射电望远镜无线电干扰监测方法和数据分析的研究　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：射电天文使用高灵敏度的设备测量来自宇宙由于自然现象发射的特定频率的信号,以此来研究自然现象。其站址的选择是射电望远镜完成既定科学目标并有效运行的首要条件,选址的主要因素有电磁环境、水文、气象、地质、可及性和当地保障条件等。射电天文的发展追求高灵敏度的数据,这要求在更宽频率上观测,随着观测方法和技术的发展,原来分配的频段已不够使用。随着各类无线电主动业务的不断发展,人类使用无线电通讯占用越来越多的频段,使用地域亦不断扩大。射电望远镜需要躲避无线电干扰(RFI),选择电磁环境优良的站址,保护电磁环境。同时RFI的监测结果也为接收机系统的研制,站址内无线电干扰查找和射电宁静区的建立和保护提供依据。首先列出了国际上和我国射电天文业务的工作频率和科学日标,给出了国内射电望远镜的实际使用频段。结合国际电联对射电望远镜的无线电干扰的标准,给出了国内典型射电望远镜的干扰门限和干扰时间要求。然后研究了国际上针对SKA(Square Kilometer Array)选址在2003年和2010年进行的两轮测试的测试方法和RFI监测设备,结合射电望远镜选址和RFI监测的实际工作,提出合适的无线电干扰测试方法,讨论如何建立射电望远镜电磁环境选址测试装置(包括软、硬件、数据处理等)。最后对目前我国在建和预研阶段的部分射电望远镜台址进行现场测试,对于数据的处理方式主要采用统计的方法,根据监测得到的站址RFI数据,分析站址的RFI的特性和业务分布,在电磁环境层面上分析站址的优劣。由于望远镜具有极大的接收面积和良好的接收机系统,国际电联给出的干扰标准要求很高。目前的RFI监测设备灵敏度达不到电联规定要求的射电望远镜干扰门限,需要研制灵敏度更高的RFI监测设备不断接近或达到该门限。同时在以后的选址工作中,积累测试数据,对数据进行分析和比较,了解无线电业务的发展和变化,作为以后进行射电天文观测和保护电磁环境的依据。
[Abstract]:Radio astronomy uses highly sensitive equipment to measure signals from specific frequencies emitted by natural phenomena in the universe. The site selection is the primary condition for the radio telescope to complete the established scientific objectives and operate effectively. The main factors of site selection are electromagnetic environment, hydrology, meteorology and geology. The development of radio astronomy pursues highly sensitive data, which requires observation at a wider frequency, with the development of observational methods and techniques. With the continuous development of all kinds of active radio services, the human use of radio communication occupies more and more frequency bands. The radio telescope needs to avoid radio interference, select the site with good electromagnetic environment and protect the electromagnetic environment. At the same time, the monitoring results of RFI are also for the development of receiver system. The radio interference search and the establishment and protection of radio quiet area within the station site are provided. Firstly, the working frequency and scientific day standard of radio astronomical service are listed both internationally and in China. The practical frequency band of domestic radio telescope and the radio interference standard of ITU to radio telescope are given. The interference threshold and interference time requirements of typical domestic radio telescopes are given, and then the international targets for SKA(Square Kilometer are studied. Two rounds of testing methods and RFI monitoring equipment were selected on 2003 and 2010. Combined with the actual work of radio telescope site selection and RFI monitoring, this paper puts forward a suitable radio interference testing method, and discusses how to establish a radio telescope electromagnetic environment location testing device (including software and hardware). Finally, the site of some radio telescopes in the stage of construction and pre-research in our country is tested on the spot, and the statistical method is mainly used to deal with the data. According to the monitoring site RFI data, the characteristics and service distribution of site RFI are analyzed. The merits and demerits of the station are analyzed on the level of electromagnetic environment. The telescope has a large receiving area and a good receiver system. The interference standard of ITU is very high. The sensitivity of the current RFI monitoring equipment is not up to the interference threshold required by ITU for radio telescopes. It is necessary to develop more sensitive RFI monitoring equipment to approach or reach the threshold. At the same time, in the later site selection work, the test data should be accumulated, and the data will be analyzed and compared. To understand the development and changes of radio service as a basis for future radio astronomical observation and protection of electromagnetic environment.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P111.44

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