太阳系生命信息探测

发布时间：2018-01-10 14:22

本文关键词：太阳系生命信息探测　出处：《地学前缘》2014年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：寻找地外生命是人类开展太阳系探测的根本出发点。火星是太阳系中最可能存在生命的天体之一。尽管海盗号开展的生物科学实验没有获得存在生命的确凿证据,但是近二十年的探测利用高分辨成像、光谱、质谱、雷达、中子分析等多方面的探测手段,获得了河流侵蚀地貌、古湖泊河流沉积物、水成矿物、极地冰盖、大气中水蒸气组分等一系列反映火星上有水的证据。这些发现暗示了火星过去或现在存在适宜生命繁衍的环境特征。大气甲烷、火星样品中有机物是下一步火星生命探测的重点。木星和土星的天然卫星,包括木卫二、土卫二和土卫六等在地外生命的研究中引起极大关注。木卫二上的盐水海洋环境被认为可能孕育生命,海洋中可能存在类似地球上的水热地质作用。土卫二南极存在细粒冰晶的喷射,且喷射物含有对于生命非常关键的液态水、氨气和其他碳氢化合物等。碳质球粒陨石存在大量可溶性有机物,其中包括多种构成蛋白质的氨基酸。星尘号和深度撞击任务的探测结果证实彗星所代表原始物质中含有大量的有机化合物,部分类型的氨基酸在碳质陨石和星际尘埃IDP颗粒相同,进一步支持了彗星与地球生命的起源之间存在联系。文中分析了太阳系生命探测中亟须解决的关键问题,包括系统建立地外生物标志化合物、发展适合太阳系探测的有机物分析技术、开展地球极端生命研究。最后呼吁我国在未来火星等天体探测任务中能增加有机物探测的相关载荷,及时介入太阳系生命探测,开拓深空领域。
[Abstract]:The search for extraterrestrial life is the fundamental starting point for human exploration of the solar system. Mars is one of the most likely bodies in the solar system to exist. . However, in the past two decades, using high-resolution imaging, spectrum, mass spectrometry, radar, neutron analysis and other detection methods, we have obtained river erosion topography, ancient lake river sediments, hydrogenic minerals, polar ice sheet. Water vapor components in the atmosphere are a series of evidences reflecting the presence of water on Mars. These findings suggest that Mars has been or is in the presence of environmental characteristics suitable for life and reproduction. Atmospheric methane. Organic matter in Martian samples is the focus of the next step in life exploration. Jupiter and Saturn's natural moons, including Europa. Enceladus and Titan have attracted great attention in the study of extraterrestrial life. The saltwater marine environment on Europa is thought to give birth to life. The oceans may have hydrothermal processes similar to those on Earth. Enceladus has jets of fine-grained ice crystals that contain liquid water that is critical to life. Ammonia and other hydrocarbons. Carbonaceous chondrites contain a large number of soluble organic matter. These include a variety of protein-making amino acids. Detection of the Stardust and Deep impact missions confirms that comets represent a large number of organic compounds in the original material. Some types of amino acids in carbonaceous meteorites and interstellar dust IDP particles are the same. It further supports the relationship between comet and the origin of life on Earth. The key problems in the exploration of life in the solar system, including the establishment of extraterrestrial biomarkers, are analyzed in this paper. To develop the organic matter analysis technology suitable for solar system exploration, to carry out the study of extreme life of the earth. Finally, we call on our country to increase the load of organic matter detection in the future exploration mission of celestial bodies such as Mars. Timely intervention in the exploration of solar system life, open up deep space.
【作者单位】：中国科学院国家天文台;中国科学院地球化学研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41303051) 中国科学院空间科学战略先导科技专项空间科学预先研究项目(XDA04071900) 中国科学院国家天文台青年人才基金项目
【分类号】：Q693;P18
【正文快照】： 1太阳系生命探测的基本科学问题20世纪50年美国和前苏联发射月球探测卫星开始,人类开始了太阳系探测的征程。尽管探测的天体目标不同、采用探测手段各异,是否存在地外生命是众多行星探测任务要回答的基本科学问题。寻找地外生命的主题贯穿了这一系列探测任务的始终,目标天体也

【参考文献】