《授时历》历元时刻的获取

发布时间：2018-01-21 17:37

本文关键词： 天文学史和哲学历书　出处：《天文学报》2013年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：考察了《授时历议》所给出的98次日影中天观测数据,指出其观测的标准误差为4.06′.归纳并推导了古代通过三日日影中天观测数据以确定节气时刻的公式,指出它只是一种近似计算.依古法求解了至元十四年冬至时刻和至元十五、十六年的二至时刻,其与现代天文计算的标准偏差分别为38.13 min(至元十四年冬至)、43.91 min(至元十五年夏至)、38.03 min(至元十五年冬至)、34.80 min(至元十六年夏至)和23.58 min(至元十六年冬至).确认《授时历》的初始历元时刻(即气应)系由实测推导出的节气时刻叠加数个半年长而得.采用现代天文历算方法计算出1280年冬至前后400 d逐日太阳中天影长数据,对古法测算1280年冬至时刻的精度进行了评估.
[Abstract]:In this paper, the observational data of the sky in the shadow of 98 days are investigated. It is pointed out that the standard error of its observation is 4.060.The formula for determining the solar term time through the observation data of three days shadow in ancient times is summarized and deduced. It is pointed out that it is only an approximate calculation. According to the ancient method, the the Winter Solstice time of fourteen years to Yuan Yuan and the second to the moment of 15 and 16 years to Yuan Yuan have been solved according to the ancient method. The standard deviations from the modern astronomical calculations are 38.13 mins (up to 14 years the Winter Solstice = 43.91 mins (up to 15 years the Summer Solstice)). 38.03 mins (up to $15 years the Winter Solstice). 34.80 min (up to Yuan 16, the Summer Solstice) and 23.58 min (up to Yuan 16, the Winter Solstice). Confirm the initial epoch time (i.e. Qi should). It is derived from measured solar term and superimposed for six months. Using modern astronomical almanac method, the day after day solar shadow length data before and after 1280 before and after 1280 are calculated by using modern astronomical almanac method. The accuracy of the ancient method for calculating the Winter Solstice moment in 1280 is evaluated.
【作者单位】：中国科学院国家天文台;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(10973022)资助
【分类号】：P19
【正文快照】： 1引言立竿测景,历史悠久,《周髀算经》中巳有详述.起初先民只是通过测正午时的日影长度以确定二至日期,所谓冬至日景最长,夏至日景最短.随着历法的进步和精密化程度的提高,需要进一步确定节气的时刻.我们曾将古历推步分为上元积年法和《授时历》》法两类w.《授时历》废除上元

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