拼接式大口径非球面反射镜的检测与监测技术

发布时间：2018-03-12 13:27

本文选题：拼接式反射镜　切入点：动态干涉检测　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 下一代空间望远镜为了提高分辨率,降低镜面加工难度,主镜普遍趋于采用大口径分块式反射镜。本文针对大口径、长焦距光学系统进行设计,得到成像质量较好、符合国内光学加工水平的分块主镜口径3.8m、焦距36m的反射式光学系统。在研究现有国内外大口径光学系统检测技术基础上,结合检测大口径非球面反射镜的难点,提出适合国内光学加工技术的动态补偿干涉法检测分块镜面形。分块式主镜在展开之后和运行过程中各子镜之间都存在相位误差。因此,在空间环境中采用主动控制系统进行分块镜共相位调整,是大型空间望远镜研究的关键技术之一。本文对已有的国际先进分块式主镜空间望远镜的监测技术进行较为系统的研究,基于国内光学制造技术的发展水平,提出一种适合我国现状的监测方案。具体内容如下: 基于相位相机和边缘位置传感器的监测技术:根据相位相机采集的分块镜图像信息,运用子镜定相技术得到初步的子境间位置误差,进一步用边缘位置传感器传感校正子镜间残留的位置误差至3.75nm。基于近红外相机(NIRCam)的监测技术:在粗调和精调阶段分别运用DFS算法和MGS算法对NIRCam采集的图像进行处理,获得主镜失调信息并进行相应的调整,最终校正子镜间位置误差至10nm以下。基于动态干涉测量的监测技术:将检测主镜的动态干涉测量法应用于主镜监测,通过干涉图得到分块镜失调信息,应用最小二乘法,对拼接主镜的面形监测进行仿真分析和验证,为各分块镜的共焦和共相调整提供依据。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the resolution and reduce the processing difficulty of the mirror, the next generation space telescope tends to adopt the large aperture and block mirror. In this paper, the optical system with large aperture and long focal length is designed and the imaging quality is good. A reflective optical system with 3.8m aperture and 36m focal length of block primary mirror in accordance with the domestic optical processing level. On the basis of the research on the detection technology of large aperture optical system at home and abroad, the difficulties of detecting large aperture aspheric mirror are discussed. A dynamic compensation interferometry method is proposed to detect the segmented mirror shape which is suitable for domestic optical processing technology. There are phase errors between each sub-mirror after development and during operation. Therefore, active control system is used to adjust the co-phase of block mirror in space environment. It is one of the key technologies in the research of large space telescopes. In this paper, the monitoring technology of the international advanced block primary mirror space telescope is studied systematically, based on the development level of optical manufacturing technology in China. A monitoring scheme suitable for China's current situation is put forward. The specific contents are as follows:. The monitoring technology based on phase camera and edge position sensor: according to the image information of the segmented mirror collected by the phase camera, the preliminary position error between the sub-environments is obtained by using the sub-mirror phase determination technique. The residual position error between sub-mirrors is further corrected by edge position sensor to 3.75 nm. Monitoring technology based on NIR camera: DFS algorithm and MGS algorithm are used to process the image collected by NIRCam in coarse and fine tuning stage, and the misalignment information of primary mirror is obtained and adjusted accordingly. Finally, the position error between sub-mirrors is less than 10 nm. Monitoring technology based on dynamic interferometry: the dynamic interferometry of primary mirror is applied to primary mirror monitoring, the offset information of block mirror is obtained by interferogram, and the least square method is used. The surface shape monitoring of spliced primary mirror is simulated and verified, which provides the basis for the confocal and phase adjustment of each split-mirror.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TH751

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