伽利略天文学成就在中国的传播

发布时间：2018-03-12 17:37

本文选题：伽利略　切入点：天文学成就　出处：《东华大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伽利略(Galileo Galilei,1564-1642年)是意大利著名的科学家,对近代科学做出了巨大的贡献。本文选取以“伽利略天文学成就在中国的传播”为研究对象,通过运用查找史料、分类梳理、反思对比等方法对这个传播过程进行研究。首先,本文总结出伽利略的天文学成就。伽利略天文学成就主要包括发明望远镜、通过望远镜做出的天文学新发现以及伽利略的天文学思想。伽利略在其《试金者》中诚恳地回答了关于望远镜的发现权和从朋友那得到消息给予自己的改造望远镜的灵感。伽利略在《星际使者》中描述了发明望远镜的整个过程,并且明确地指出在探讨过地上的问题后,要开始探讨天空的问题,这标志着伽利略真正进入了天文学研究领域。伽利略在《星际使者》中介绍了通过望远镜做出的天文新发现。这些天文学新发现为伽利略的天文学思想提供了观察证据,他以此来驳斥亚里士多德-托勒密宇宙体系理论,从而达到为哥白尼体系辩护的目的。其次,文章介绍了在“西学东渐”背景下,伽利略的天文学成就在中国的传播。阳马诺撰写的《天问略》主要介绍了伽利略对月面、金星相位、土星、木星的卫星和星团、银河的观察情况。邓玉函撰写的《测天约说》详细地介绍了伽利略对太阳黑子的观察结果。罗雅谷的《五纬历指》介绍伽利略的望远镜比先前的裸眼观测精度提高了许多,《月离历指》介绍了运用望远镜观察月亮的情况。汤若望的《远镜说》详细地介绍了望远镜的制造和使用过程,汤若望在《恒星历指》中介绍了伽利略对木星四颗卫星的观测材料,汤若望《主制群征》中介绍了对于木星观测的情况,汤若望撰写《历法西传》中也提到伽利略对天文学的贡献。文章涉及中国人对于望远镜的引入、制造和应用的史料。可见在明末清初时,伽利略式望远镜就已经在中国传播开来。伽利略天文学成就传入中国后在一定程度上影响了中国天文学的发展,对于钦定第谷宇宙论为正法以及中国的历法修订起到了积极作用。最后,文章在三个角度下对于伽利略天文学成就的传播过程进行了反思。第一,从哲学的认识论入手把“伽利略相信所看到一切天文现象是真的”作为真理符合论的一个科学史案例,从两个方面进行分析：其一是伽利略本人的科学求真精神,其二是伽利略对于望远镜改造的过程。第二,分别从传播的自然条件、传播载体、传播受众以及伽利略本人的态度等四个方面比较了在中西传播的异同。在自然条件、传播载体中发现传播的不同点,在传播受众中发现了传播的相同点。第三,从科技文化的背景下进行思考,认为中西方对于伽利略的天文学成就的接受也呈现出不同的结果。
[Abstract]:Galileo Galileier 1564-1642) is a famous Italian scientist who has made great contributions to modern science. Introspection contrast and other methods to study this process of communication. First of all, this paper summarizes Galileo's astronomical achievements. Galileo's astronomical achievements mainly include the invention of telescopes. New astronomical discoveries made through telescopes and Galileo's astronomical ideas. Galileo sincerely answered questions about the discovery rights of the telescope and the news from his friends that he was looking forward to his transformation. The inspiration of the Mirror. Galileo described the whole process of inventing the telescope in the Star Messenger. And clearly pointed out that after discussing the question of the earth, we should begin to discuss the question of the sky. This marked Galileo's real entry into the field of astronomical research. In Interstellar Messenger, Galileo introduced new astronomical discoveries made through telescopes, which provided observational evidence for Galileo's astronomical thinking. In this way, he refuted Aristotle-Ptolemy theory of the universe system, thus achieving the purpose of defending the Copernican system. Secondly, the article introduces the spread of Galileo's astronomical achievements in China against the background of "the gradual Development of Western Learning". Yangmano's Astrology mainly introduces Galileo's moon plane, Venus phase, Saturn, Jupiter moons and star clusters. The observations of the Milky way. Deng Yu-fung 's "the Theory of the Testament of the Sky" describes in detail Galileo's observation of sunspots. The fifth latitudes of the Valley of Riyadh introduces the accuracy of Galileo's telescope in comparison with previous naked eye observations. Much higher, "lunar calendar finger" introduced the use of telescopes to observe the moon. Tang Ruowang's "Telescope Theory" described in detail the manufacture and use of the telescope. Tang described Galileo's observations of Jupiter's four moons in Star Calendar, while Tang Ruowang described his observations of Jupiter in the main Group sign. Tang Ruowang's contribution to astronomy is also mentioned in Tang Ruowang's Biography of the Western Calendar. The article deals with the historical data of the introduction, manufacture and application of telescopes by the Chinese. It can be seen that in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Galileo telescopes have spread in China. Galileo's astronomical achievements have influenced the development of Chinese astronomy to a certain extent. It played an active role in the revision of the Chinese calendar. Finally, the paper reflects on the propagation process of Galileo's astronomical achievements from three angles. Starting with the epistemology of philosophy, Galileo regards Galileo's belief that all astronomical phenomena that he sees are true, as a case of scientific history of truth-conformity theory, and analyzes from two aspects: first, Galileo's spirit of seeking truth in science. The second is the process of Galileo's transformation of the telescope. Secondly, the author compares the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western communication from four aspects: the natural condition of communication, the carrier of communication, the audience of communication and the attitude of Galileo himself. In the communication carrier, we find the different points of communication, and find the same point in the communication audience. Thirdly, thinking from the background of science and technology culture, we think that the acceptance of Galileo's astronomical achievements in China and the West also presents different results.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P1

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